The presence of distinct episodes and hallmark symptoms can be used to differentiate clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania. The utility and validity of this system can be tested in subsequent research.

Although results are encouraging, more effort is needed to achieve a true culture change.

No abstract

These preliminary data indicate that, among children being treated for BPD in the community, those with discrete episodes of mania may be more likely to have a lifetime history of psychosis and a parental history of BPD. The latter hypothesis should be tested in a sample where relatives are interviewed directly.