ObjectiveConsidering that water is an importance source of fluoride intake, and that the consumption of mineral water and prevalence of dental fluorosis have been increasing, the aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of mineral water and its fluoride concentration. Methods
The objective of the study was to evaluate the fl uoride concentration in bottled water available on the market, in comparison with the values printed on the bottle label. Two hundred and twenty-nine water samples were collected from 35 brands available in several supermarkets, grocery stores and snack bars with high turnover in different regions of the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. Fluoride concentrations were determined by duplicate analysis using an ion-specifi c electrode. The fl uoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2.04 mg/l, with signifi cant differences between the values stipulated on labels and those found in the analyses. These results emphasize the importance of controls over fl uoride levels in bottled water enforced by the sanitary surveillance agency.
Comparative cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusion treatment with First Class distalizer in conventional and skeletal anchorage The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the dental, skeletal and soft tissue changes in youngsters with Class II malocclusion treated with First Class distalizer in two different types of anchorage. Thirty patients were included and divided, randomly, in two groups of 15. G1 (5 boys and 10 girls) that received distalizers with conventional anchorage (Nance button) and G2 (10 boys and 5 girls) that received distalizers with skeletal anchorage supported in two palatal miniimplants, average age of 13.00 and 13.28 years old, respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after molar distalization in order to the cephalometric analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by dependent t test to verify the changes occurred in the same group and by independent t test to verify the difference between the groups. The systematic and casual errors were calculated as well. The mean treatment period was 4.51 and 6.28 months for G1 and G2, respectively. Both groups showed significant dental changes with distalization (G1=2.39 mm; G2=2.21 mm), distal tipping (G1=10.51º; G2=4.49º) and intrusion (G1=0.53 mm; G2=0.10 mm) of maxillary first molars, just intrusion in G2 was not significant. Anchorage loss showed similar in both groups with significant mesialization (G1=2.78 mm; G2=3.11 mm) and mesial tipping (G1=4.95°; G2=4.69°) of maxillary second premolars, significant protrusion (G1=1.55 mm; G2=1.94 mm) and proclination (G1=5.78°; G2=3.13°) of maxillary incisors and significant increase in overjet (G1=1.07 mm; G2=0.81 mm). Distalization mechanic did not interfere in skeletal and soft tissue measurements of patients. In both groups, the First Class distalizer corrected the molar relationship, however it showed anchorage loss effects in maxillary premolars and incisors even when associated to mini-implants. There was no significant difference between the groups on dental linear changes, however the dental angular changes were significantly lower in skeletal anchorage group.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to cephalometrically assess the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Class II malocclusion treatment performed with the Jones Jig appliance followed by fixed appliances.MethodsThe sample comprised 25 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with the Jones Jig appliance followed by fixed appliances, at a mean initial age of 12.90 years old. The mean time of the entire orthodontic treatment was 3.89 years. The distalization phase lasted for 0.85 years, after which the fixed appliance was used for 3.04 years. Cephalograms were used at initial (T1), post-distalization (T2) and final phases of treatment (T3). For intragroup comparison of the three phases evaluated, dependent ANOVA and Tukey tests were used.ResultsJones Jig appliance did not interfere in the maxillary and mandibular component and did not change maxillomandibular relationship. Jones Jig appliance promoted distalization of first molars with anchorage loss, mesialization and significant extrusion of first and second premolars, as well as a significant increase in anterior face height at the end of treatment. The majority of adverse effects that occur during intraoral distalization are subsequently corrected during corrective mechanics. Buccal inclination and protrusion of mandibular incisors were identified. By the end of treatment, correction of overjet and overbite was observed.ConclusionsJones Jig appliance promoted distalization of first molars with anchorage loss represented by significant mesial movement and extrusion of first and second premolars, in addition to a significant increase in anterior face height.
A má oclusão de Classe II com biprotusão e mordida aberta anterior é um dos grandes desafios para o ortodontista. O presente relato clínico tem com objetivo mostrar o tratamento de uma paciente com má oclusão de Classe II associada a uma excessiva vestibularização dos incisivos superiores e inferiores. O plano de tratamento proposto inicialmente previa um tratamento orto-cirúrgico, porém como houve recusa da paciente em se submeter à cirurgia foi proposto como segunda opção de tratamento a compensação dentoalveolar com eficiência para solucionar os problemas estéticos da paciente sem que o problema do sorriso gengivoso fosse resolvido. Para a correção da discrepância anteroposterior foi realizado o fechamento dos espaços das extrações dos dentes 14, 26, 34, 45, e uso de elásticos intermaxilares para a correção da Classe II e da mordida aberta. Ao final do tratamento obteve-se a correção da discrepância anteroposterior e fechamento dos espaços inicialmente presentes.
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Molares severamente inclinados em posição mesial causam problemas periodontais e desarmonias na oclusão. Em algumas situações, é indicado que sejam verticalizados, ainda que em posição desfavorável, para restauração da saúde periodontal e balanceio da oclusão sem a necessidade de reabilitação protética. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a verticalização, por meio de ancoragem esquelética, de um terceiro molar inferior mesioinclinado na região posterior do lado direito da mandíbula. Previamente, o paciente havia sido submetido à extração do primeiro molar inferior e apresentava reabsorções apicais externas generalizadas. A ancoragem máxima foi realizada em dois locais diferentes e em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na instalação de dispositivo de ancoragem no ramo mandibular, em posição distal ao dente impactado. A segunda etapa consistiu na instalação de mini-implante no espaço intra-alveolar entre o segundo molar e o segundo pré-molar do mesmo lado e utilização de cantiléver de TMA. O planejamento adequado do recurso de ancoragem possibilitou a verticalização do dente #48 sob controle biomecânico dos efeitos colaterais, de maneira simples e de fácil ativação. Ao fim do tratamento, foi devolvida a harmonia à oclusão e preservadas as estruturas dentoalveolares.
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