Introduction The present study aimed to evaluate the most common urgencies and emergencies in orthodontics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess how orthodontists in Brazil were dealing with patients and challenges. Methods Early in 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world, routine dental care was suspended in many countries, and only patients needing urgent or emergency care could be seen. During this period, orthodontists in Brazil were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Over 48 hours (May 1-3, 2020), 395 orthodontists (specialists, MScs, and PhDs) responded. They answered questions regarding dental office and appointments during the pandemic, the type of urgency or emergency care provided, the type of appliance and urgencies, etc. The level of concern about the impact of the pandemic on patients' orthodontic treatments and the financial impact on the dental office was also evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed with percentages, and responses were compared between specialists, MScs, and PhDs, using chi-square tests. Results Specialists were the majority of respondents. Most orthodontists were handling only emergencies or urgencies. The most frequent urgencies were bracket breakage, archwire breakage, and breakage of molar tubes and/or bands. Stainless steel fixed appliances were the most common type of appliance related to unscheduled appointments. The majority of patients got in touch with the orthodontist using the professional WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif). Orthodontists were more concerned with the financial impact of the pandemic than with the orthodontic treatment itself. Conclusions Breakage of brackets, archwires, or tubes and/or bands were the most common causes of urgency and/or emergency appointments during the pandemic. The level of concern about the financial impact of the stay-at-home orders and the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly greater for specialists and MScs than for PhDs.

Background:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of asthma on the degree of apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically. Methods: Sample comprised 683 patients treated orthodontically; 240 with asthma and 443 who did not present any kind of respiratory allergy or asthma. The Levander and Malmgren score was used for the evaluation of the degree of root resorption. This evaluation was performed in the initial and final periapical radiographs of the maxillary and mandibular incisors of all patients in the sample. Then, the sample was divided as follows: Group 1: 614 patients presenting mild or no root resorption with scores 0, 1 and 2, with mean initial age of 14.37 years, final age of 16.44 years and treatment time of 2.07 years; group 2: 69 patients who had moderate to severe root resorption with scores 3 and 4, with mean initial age of 15.09 years, final age of 17.81 years and treatment time of 2.72 years. Results: The results revealed that asthma was not a statistically significant factor for severe root resorption. The group with severe root resorption showed higher initial and final age, and longer treatment time than the group with mild root resorption. In addition, performing extractions is a risk factor for the occurrence of severe root resorption. Conclusions: Asthma is not a risk factor for the occurrence of severe root resorption after orthodontic treatment.

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This study aimed to evaluate longitudinally the alteration of the dental arch dimensions of children with different oral cleft types, before and after the primary surgeries. Three-dimensional images of the maxillary dental casts of children with unilateral complete cleft lip (G1), unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (G2), and cleft palate (G3). The children were evaluated at pre-cheiloplasty (T1), pre-palatoplasty (T2), and 1 year after palatoplasty (T3). The measurements obtained: intercanine (C-C’) and intertuberosity (T-T’) distances, anterior (I-CC’) and total (I-TT’) arch lengths. To analyze the intraexaminer error, paired t-test was applied and Dahlbergh formula. The intragroups comparisons were applied: paired t-test, ANOVA followed by Tukey, Wilcoxon test, and Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn test. The intergroup comparisons were performed by independent t-test and Mann–Whitney test. In G1, the C-C’, T-T’, and the I-TT’ distances revealed a significant increase of the maxilla. In G2, the C-C’ distance statistically decreased from T1 to T3, T-T’ distance showed statistical increase from T1 to T3. The I-TT’ length increased with statistically significant differences between T1 and T3, T2 and T3. In G3, the C-C’, T-T’, and I-TT’ distance increased was statistically significant. The longitudinal evaluation of the changes occurred in the dental arches with different oral cleft types showed that cheiloplasty and palatoplasty caused the most alterations in the development of the maxillary dimensions of children with complete cleft lip and palate.

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A DEUS, por me conduzir, me iluminar e me dar força em mais uma etapa da minha vida, guiando os meus passos para que todos os obstáculos encontrados fossem superados.Aos meus queridos pais, IVAN e ARLENE, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado me incentivando na busca do conhecimento, compreendendo meus ideais de vida, fazendo o possível e o impossível para o meu enriquecimento humano e profissional e acima de tudo me dando muito amor e carinho além de me proporcionar uma vida cheia de alegria e felicidade.Ao amor da minha vida, THAIS, pelo amor, carinho, paciência, cumplicidade, compreensão, e por ser essa pessoa maravilhosa que tanto eu amo.Obrigado por entender, sem cobranças, todos os momentos de ausência, em algumas vezes mesmo quando eu estava presente. Sua constante presença na minha vida foi fundamental para a realização deste trabalho. AGRADECIMENTOS ESPECIAISAo Prof. Dr. Guilherme Janson, pelas experiências e conhecimentos transmitidos de maneira sábia e sincera, pelo exemplo de dedicação à carreira e à profissão, pelo rigor científico com que conduz seus trabalhos e clareza que expõe seus objetivos. Seus ensinamentos contribuíram sobremaneira para o meu enriquecimento cultural e científico.Ao coordenador do curso de doutorado, professor, tio e amigo, Prof. Dr. José Fernando Castanha Henriques, por todos os conhecimentos transmitidos dentro e fora do curso de doutorado, por me incentivar à percorrer os caminhos da Ortodontia, sempre estando presente ao menor sinal de dúvida e me apoiando nas decisões mais difíceis.Dr. Arnaldo Pinzan, pela valiosa contribuição para a minha formação profissional e pela amizade proporcionada nos últimos anos. Pela atenção, paciência e seriedade na arte de ensinar, fazendo com que os nossos objetivos fossem alcançados de forma primorosa. AGRADECIMENTOSAos meus irmãos, Danilo e Liciane, pelo apoio e incentivo incondicional em todos os momentos da minha vida, e pelo grande amor e carinho demonstrados todos os dias.A minha tia Arlete e primos, Rafael e esposa Paola, e Fernanda, pelo carinho e estímulos constantes e pela convivência agradável e muito enriquecedora.Ao meu tio Ayres, tia Eliane (in memorian) e primas Aryane, Saryta e Rebecca por todos os bons momentos compartilhados e pela palavra amiga e de companheirismo sempre presentes. Ao meu tio Ivaldo, tia Lana, e primos Thiago e Thalissa pelo incentivo, amizade e momentos de grande felicidade. Ao Sr. José Marchini, D na Marilene, Karina e Thiago, pela amizade, carinho, incentivo durante os últimos anos e pela receptividade que encontrei em sua casa, mesmo quando eu não estava nos melhores dias. À amiga e colega Claudinha, por seu trabalho incansável, por sua eficiência e por tomar conta do consultório nesse tempo de ausência. Ao grande amigo Walter Lázaro Batista, pela palavra sábia e apoio incessante em todos os momentos. Ao amigo José Eduardo Prado de Souza, pelos momentos compartilhados e por transmitir seus incontestáveis conhecimentos relacionados à prática Ortodôntica. Ao amigo Rodrigo Hermont Cançado, por compartilharmos...

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