No abstract

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT-based circuitry offer great potential in bioelectronics, wearable electronics and artificial neuromorphic electronics because of their exceptionally low driving voltages (<1 V), low power consumption (<1 µW), high transconductances (>10 mS) and biocompatibility1–5. However, the successful realization of critical complementary logic OECTs is currently limited by temporal and/or operational instability, slow redox processes and/or switching, incompatibility with high-density monolithic integration and inferior n-type OECT performance6–8. Here we demonstrate p- and n-type vertical OECTs with balanced and ultra-high performance by blending redox-active semiconducting polymers with a redox-inactive photocurable and/or photopatternable polymer to form an ion-permeable semiconducting channel, implemented in a simple, scalable vertical architecture that has a dense, impermeable top contact. Footprint current densities exceeding 1 kA cm−2 at less than ±0.7 V, transconductances of 0.2–0.4 S, short transient times of less than 1 ms and ultra-stable switching (>50,000 cycles) are achieved in, to our knowledge, the first vertically stacked complementary vertical OECT logic circuits. This architecture opens many possibilities for fundamental studies of organic semiconductor redox chemistry and physics in nanoscopically confined spaces, without macroscopic electrolyte contact, as well as wearable and implantable device applications.

No abstract

We report the application of green solvents in DArP and the structure-dependent β-defect formation due to an ester directing group.

Emerging strategies to enhance the sustainability of Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) are discussed, illustrating the great potential of this method.

Organic electroactive materials that can be processed using simple alcohols, such as ethanol and 1-butanol, are highly desired, since these solvents can be sourced from biomass and present lower hazards for human and environmental health. Herein, we report the first class of poly­(3-alkylamidethiophenes) (P3AAT) synthesized via the sustainable method of direct arylation polymerization (DArP) that can be processed using green, sustainable solvents. The unprecedented synthesis of P3AAT reveals the superiority of DArP, as P3AAT can be readily prepared in only three simple steps with an M n of up to 15.4 kDa and yields of up to 90% exclusively with this methodology. The tertiary amide, poly­(N-hexyl-N-methylthiophene-3-carboxamide-2,5-diyl) (P1), has excellent solubility in the green solvents ethanol, 1-butanol, and anisole. Processing of P1 in 1-butanol is shown to provide comparable space-charge-limited current (SCLC) hole mobility versus dichlorobenzene and commensurate photophysical properties. Also, the secondary amide, poly­(N-(2-ethylhexyl)­thiophene-3-carboxamide-2,5-diyl) (P2), was successfully synthesized, demonstrating excellent functional group tolerance for DArP, while showing hydrogen-bonding features and similar SCLC hole mobility as P1. This study provides a facile synthetic strategy for a novel structural motif that can be processed in sustainable solvents without a compromise in performance, which can easily be extended to other valuable areas of organic electronics and bioelectronics.

The rational molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) can profoundly influence photovoltaic (OPV) performance. NFA fluorination has to date proven beneficial to cell performance. However,...

In this review, we summarize recent progress in developing dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistors (EGTs). Semiconductors for EGTs have been extensively studied and reviewed since they dominate the key...