Non-fullerene acceptors with direct and indirect hexa-fluorination afford &gt;17% efficiency in polymer solar cells

Li, Guoping; Feng, Liang‐Wen; Mukherjee, Subhrangsu; Jones, Leighton O.; Jacobberger, Robert M.; Huang, Wei; Young, Ryan M.; Pankow, Robert M.; Zhu, Weigang; Lu, Norman; Kohlstedt, Kevin L.; Sangwan, Vinod K.; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Hersam, Mark C.; Schatz, George C.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.

doi:10.1039/d1ee03225a

Cited by 75 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Thus, PM6:BT-BO-L4F OPV device had a higher J SC (27.8 mA cm –2 ) and PCE (16.0%) than the reference PM6:Y6 OPV device ( J SC = 26.0 mA cm –2 and PCE = 14.5%). The authors further reported incorporation of trifluoromethyl onto the terminal benzoindanone group as an indirect fluorination strategy to compare with direct fluorination on the benzoindanone . Similarly, Wei et al synthesized BTP-C9-N2F and BTP-C9-N4F, which contain monofluorinated and difluorinated benzoindanones as terminal A groups, respectively.…”

Section: Recent Progress In the Development Of Nfa Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors further reported incorporation of trifluoromethyl onto the terminal benzoindanone group as an indirect fluorination strategy to compare with direct fluorination on the benzoindanone. 181 Similarly, Wei et al synthesized BTP-C9-N2F and BTP-C9-N4F, which contain monofluorinated and difluorinated benzoindanones as terminal A groups, 182 respectively. They found that terminal A groups with longer πconjugation lengths had higher-lying HOMO energy levels than those with shorter π-conjugation lengths and, thus, had a lower nonradiative V OC loss.…”

Section: Tailoring the Electron-accepting Strength Of Flanking A Term...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A–D–A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (E loss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno-[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2′,3′:4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A–DA′ D–A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller E loss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure–property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.

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Section: Recent Progress In the Development Of Nfa Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tailoring the Electron-accepting Strength Of Flanking A Term...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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“…The replacement of fullerene derivatives by non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has helped ascend the PCE of single-junction OPV to beyond 18% 5 – 11 , closing the gap with other PV technologies 12 . Meanwhile, this strategy also improves the OPV stability by overcoming the molecular diffusion and aggregation of spherical fullerene acceptors 13 – 15 . However, the trade-off between PCE and stability still remains in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OPV, because of the meta-stable morphology in the active layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of structural hinderance in performance–stability equilibrium of organic photovoltaics

Fan

Gao

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Power conversion efficiency and long-term stability are two critical metrics for evaluating the commercial potential of organic photovoltaics. Although the field has witnessed a rapid progress of efficiency towards 19%, the intrinsic trade-off between efficiency and stability is still a challenging issue for bulk-heterojunction cells due to the very delicate crystallization dynamics of organic species. Herein, we developed a class of non-fullerene acceptors with varied side groups as an alternative to aliphatic chains. Among them, the acceptors with conjugated side groups show larger side-group torsion and more twisted backbone, however, they can deliver an efficiency as high as 18.3% in xylene-processed cells, which is among the highest values reported for non-halogenated solvent processed cells. Meanwhile, decent thermal/photo stability is realized for these acceptors containing conjugated side groups. Through the investigation of the geometry–performance–stability relationship, we highlight the importance of side-group steric hinderance of acceptors in achieving combined high-performance, stable, and eco-friendly organic photovoltaics.

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“…7a), solar cells based on PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl yielded a PCE of 15%. Marks et al 96 compared direct skeletal fluorination (BTF) and indirect trifluoromethyl fluorination (BTFM) of end group of Y6 (Fig. 7a).…”

Section: Polymer Donor/small Molecule Acceptor Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in small molecular design for high performance non-fullerene organic solar cells

Wang

et al. 2022

Mol. Syst. Des. Eng.

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Non-fullerene acceptors with direct and indirect hexa-fluorination afford >17% efficiency in polymer solar cells

Abstract: The rational molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) can profoundly influence photovoltaic (OPV) performance. NFA fluorination has to date proven beneficial to cell performance. However,...

Cited by 75 publications

References 78 publications

Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics

Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics

Importance of structural hinderance in performance–stability equilibrium of organic photovoltaics

Recent advances in small molecular design for high performance non-fullerene organic solar cells

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