Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) accounts for a large burden of illness in Indonesia. However, epidemiology of SARI in tertiary hospitals in Indonesia is unknown. This study sought to assess the burden, clinical characteristics, and etiologies of SARI and concordance of clinical diagnosis with confirmed etiology. Methods Data and samples were collected from subjects presenting with SARI as part of the acute febrile Illness requiring hospitalization study (AFIRE). In tertiary hospitals, clinical diagnosis was ascertained from chart review. Samples were analyzed to determine the “true” etiology of SARI at hospitals and Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Diseases (INA‐RESPOND) laboratory. Distribution and characteristics of SARI by true etiology and accuracy of clinical diagnosis were assessed. Results Four hundred and twenty of 1464 AFIRE subjects presented with SARI; etiology was identified in 242 (57.6%), including 121 (28.8%) viruses and bacteria associated with systemic infections, 70 (16.7%) respiratory bacteria and viruses other than influenza virus, and 51 (12.1%) influenza virus cases. None of these influenza patients were accurately diagnosed as having influenza during hospitalization. Conclusions Influenza was misdiagnosed among all patients presenting with SARI to Indonesian tertiary hospitals in the AFIRE study. Diagnostic approaches and empiric management should be guided by known epidemiology. Public health strategies to address the high burden of influenza should include broad implementation of SARI screening, vaccination programs, clinician education and awareness campaigns, improved diagnostic capacity, and support for effective point‐of‐care tests.
Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, has recently gained importance as an emerging infectious disease in Indonesia. Reports of this infection in Indonesia are limited, although cases have been reported in Makassar, South Sulawesi. We report a case of cutaneous melioidosis caused by pan-drug-resistant, moderate biofilm-producer strain of B. pseudomallei in a diabetic patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of melioidosis caused by multidrug resistant and biofilm-former strain of B. pseudomallei being reported from Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The patient was successfully treated with abscess drainage and debridement, including total contact casting and no antibiotic treatment.
Pendahuluan. Pneumonia nosokomial merupakan salah satu penyabab mortalitas dan morbiditas terbesar. Red cell distribution width (RDW) dihubungkan dengan kematian pada pasien syok sepsis dan community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Namun, sedikit diketahui mengenai efek peningkatan RDW dengan kematian pasien hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), terutama pada populasi lansia yang memiliki prognosis lebih buruk. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan proporsi pasien HAP lansia dan dewasa yang memiliki peningkatan nilai RDW serta hubungan peningkatan nilai RDW dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas selama perawatan di rumah sakit.Metode. Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dan kohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien rawat inap terdiagnosis HAP di RSUP Dr. Sardjito periode Maret 2014 hingga Maret 2015 yang dipilih dengan metode konsekutif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan data rekam medis yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil. Terdapat 106 pasien HAP yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan sampel. Pasien yang hidup berjumlah 64 orang (64,15%) sedangkan pasien yang meninggal berjumlah 38 orang (35,84%). Median nilai RDW adalah 15,3% (rentang 11,4-29,8%). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan proporsi antara pasien HAP dewasa dan lansia dengan peningkatan nilai RDW (p=0,331). Faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan RDW pada pasien HAP adalah hemoglobin (p<0,001; RR 5,617 (IK 95% 2,294-13,756)) dan trombosit (p=0,002; RR 4,471 (IK 95% 1,625). Terdapat perbedaan proporsi antara peningkatan nilai RDW dengan mortalitas pasien HAP (p=0,043). Namun, peningkatan nilai RDW tidak memengaruhi peningkatan mortalitas pasien HAP. Mortalitas pasien HAP dipengaruhi oleh komorbid sepsis (p<0,001; RR 7,121 (IK 95% 2,599-19,509)) dan angka leukosit yang tinggi (p=0,031; RR=3,077 (IK 95% 1,108-8,546)).Simpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara peningkatan nilai RDW pada kelompok lansia dan dewasa. Studi ini juga tidak mendapati hubungan yang signifikan antara peningkatan nilai RDW dengan risiko mortalitas pasien HAP selama perawatan di rumah sakit. Namun demikian, studi ini mendapati faktor-faktor lain yang memengaruhi peningkatan nilai RDW yaitu kadar hemoglobin dan trombosit pasien, sementara faktor yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien HAP adalah komorbid sepsis dan kadar leukosit yang tinggi.
We report anunderdiagnosed fatal case of melioidosis that involved dygestion system which complicated with pneumonia, and sepsis. The case was initially diagnosed as acute appendicitis, and subsequently the patient underwent an exploratory laparatomy and appendectomy. He was discharged afer 3 days of hospitalization. Thirty days afterward, he was admitted to another private hospital to experience another exploratory laparatomy with indication of pancreatitis, intra-abdominal organs adhesions, and postoperative enterocutaneous fistula (ECF), and hospitalized there for 25 days. He eventually suffered from sepsis, pneumonia, unclosed ECF, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and electrolyte imbalance. He then referred to a tertiary teaching hospital and hospitalized there for a total 134 days until he passed away. His clinical condition was declining, despite a long course of broad spectrum antibiotics. Treatment delay, prolong hospitalization, and complications were the inevitable, although Burkholderia pseudomallei was finally identified 2 weeks prior to his death. This case highlight that melioidosis canassociate with acute appendicitis, and that the delay on its diagnosis and treatment may trigger complications and death. ABSTRAKKami melaporkan kasus fatal melioidosis yang melibatkan sistem pencernaan dengan komplikasi pneumonia, sepsis, dan berakibat pada kematian. Appendicitis akut adalah diagnosis klinis awal pada kasus melioidosis ini, dan pasien langsung menjalani operasi laparatomi eksplorasi dan appendectomy, kemudian pulang setelah mondok selama 3 hari di sebuah rumah sakit swasta. Tiga puluh hari setelahnya, pasien mondok di rumah sakit swasta lainnya selama 25 hari, dan menjalani operasi laparatomi eksplorasi yang ke dua dengan indikasi pankreatitis, perlengketan organ intra abdomen, dan fistula enterokutan. Kondisi klinis pasien memburuk, dan terjadi sepsis disertai penumonia, luka fistula entero-kutan (FEK) terbuka, anemia, hypoalbuminenia, dan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit. Kemudian pasien dirujuk ke rumah sakit pusat rujukan dan pendidikan dan mondok selama 134 hari sebelum akhirnya meninggal. Kondisi klinis pasien terus memburuk meskipun telah mendapat rangkaian terapi antibiotik berspektrum luas. Keterlambatan terapi, lamanya waktu pemondokan, dan terjadinya komplikasi menjadi tidak terelakkan, meskipun B. pseudomallei dapat diidentifikasi pada 2 minggu sebelum kematian. Kasus ini menekankan pentingnya memahami bahwa presentasi melioidosis secara klinis dapat berhubungan dengan appendicitis akut, dan keterlambatan dalam mendiagnosis dan terapi dapat memicu terjadinya komplikasi dan kematian.
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