The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional compounds of interest present in vegetables known as non-conventional, in Brazil. The following evaluations were carried out: antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, calories, carbohydrates, humidity, lipids, proteins, fiber, acidity and quantification of minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B). The species studied were Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Eryngium campestre L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactuca canadensis L., Rumex acetosa L., Stachys byzantina K. Koch, Tropaeolum majus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Representative samples of plant structures of interest were harvested from each species suitable for human consumption such as leaves, flowers and flower buds. The results were submitted to multivariate analysis - principal components analysis (PCA). All the species present nutritional compounds of interest in different levels among the evaluated structures.
The incidence of filamentous fungi and toxin levels in grapes and wines varies depending on the variety of grapes, the wine region, agricultural practices, weather conditions, the harvest and the winemaking process. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi isolated from wine grapes of the semi-arid tropical region of Brazil, evaluate the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the experimental wine and verify if there is a correlation between occurrence of these fungi and the physicochemical characteristics of the wine grapes grown in the region. For the isolation of fungi we used the direct plating technique. The presence of OTA in the experimental wine was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The species found were Aspergillus niger, A. carbonarius, A. aculeatus, A. niger Aggregate, A. flavus, A. sojae, Penicillium sclerotiorum, P. citrinum, P. glabrum, P. decumbens, P. solitum and P. implicatum. All isolates of A. carbonarius were OTA producers and all P. citrinum were citrinin producers. The highest concentration of OTA was found in red wine (0.29μg/L). All species identified in this study, except A. flavus, showed a positive correlation with at least one physicochemical parameter assessed, highlighting the pectin content, total sugar, total acidity and phenolic compounds.
The concentration and reconstitution processes of grape juices can result in losing compounds associated with beverage quality. In this context, three tanks containing 50,000 L of grape juice were individually concentrated up to 68 °Brix using a triple vacuum concentrator. The concentrated juice was reconstituted up to the original °Brix of the whole juice (18.4). Phenolic compounds, sugars and organic acids were quantified by high-performance-liquid-chromatography. "Foxy" aromatic compounds were also quantified by gas-chromatography/ mass-spectrometry. The concentration and reconstitution process resulted in significant losses (Tukey test, p < 0.01) of trans-caftaric acid, decreasing from 397.08 to 159.14 mg/L, chlorogenic-acid from 34.97 to 8.44 mg/L, aromatic furaneol compound from 9.06 to 1.93 mg/L, as well as total losses for gallic-acid, caffeicacid, p-coumaric-acid, syringic-acid, hesperidin, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and epicatechin compounds. The concentration and reconstitution of grape juice preserved the antioxidant capacity and most of the quantified compounds, with the reconstituted juice having good nutritional quality.
ResumoDevido ao aumento do consumo de frutos exóticos mundialmente, o cultivo da pitaia tem sido favorecido. Para incrementar o potencial agronômico da cultura, são necessários conhecimentos que visem o aumento da qualidade do fruto. Dessa forma, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa estudar características físicas e físico-químicas de pitaia vermelha durante a sua maturação, visando definir o estádio ótimo de colheita do fruto. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de qualidade: massa fresca do fruto, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, cor de casca, firmeza da polpa, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ratio e pH. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, representado pelos períodos de coleta (dias após a antese). Em cada período de avaliação foram coletados sete frutos, representando as repetições, sendo um fruto em cada repetição. As médias dos períodos de avaliação foram submetidas à avaliação polinomial, sendo os modelos selecionados conforme a significância do teste F e do coeficiente de determinação. O ponto ideal para a colheita de pitaia vermelha ocorre aos 41 dias após a antese. Neste estádio, os frutos apresentaram maior massa e intensidade de coloração vermelha na casca, menor firmeza da polpa, maior teor de sólidos solúveis e menor acidez. Palavras-chave: Pós-colheita, qualidade de fruto, dias após a antese, Hylocereus undatus Haw AbstractDue to the increase of exotic fruit consumption worldwide, the cultivation of dragon fruit has been favored. To increase the agronomic potential of the culture, knowledge aiming the increase of fruit quality is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical and pyhisical characteristics of dragon fruit during maturation, in order to define the best harvest point. Fresh weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, skin color, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ratio and flesh pH were evaluated. A completely randomized design was carried out, represented by harvest time (days after anthesis). In each evaluation time, seven fruits were harvested, representing the replications, being one fruit per parcel. The averages of each evaluation time were subjected to polynomial evaluation, being selected according to the significance of F test and the coefficient of determination. The best dragon fruit harvest time was observed 41 days after anthesis. At this stage, fruits presented higher weight and higher red skin color intensity, lower flesh firmness, higher contents of total soluble solids and lower acidity.
Strawberry is a fruit appreciated throughout the world due to its attractive quality attributes and stands out due to its high phenolic compound content, which positively contribute to biological properties of nutritional interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava starch coatings incorporated with propolis combinations on the phytochemical content and the maintenance and increase of the strawberry antioxidant activity. The treatments were 3% cassava starch (CS), 3% cassava starch + 33% ethanolic propolis extract (CS + P33%), 3% cassava starch + 66% ethanolic propolis extract (CS + P66%) and control (C). The fruits were stored at 4 °C ± 0.5 ºC and 90%RH for 16 days, making up a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 time evaluations. Vitamin C, phenolic compound, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity levels were evaluated through two methods. The coating with 66% of propolis promoted higher Vitamin C content than fruits submitted to the other treatments at 8 and 12 days of storage. For antioxidant activity, fruits treated with CS maintained a higher FRS percentage (free radical scavenging) at all time evaluations. Control fruits presented higher anthocyanin content at the last evaluation time when the highest antioxidant capacity, by the ABTS method (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), was observed in fruits with CS and CS + P66% treatments. There was an increase tendency of the phenolic content during storage in all evaluated fruits. The propolis concentrations used, however, were not sufficient to increase or maintain the antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents of strawberries.Index terms: Phytochemicals; antioxidant; Fragaria ananassa. RESUMOO morango é um fruto muito apreciado em todo o mundo por apresentar atributos de qualidade atrativos para o consumidor e destacase por seu alto conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, contribuindo, positivamente, para propriedades biológicas de interesse nutricional. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito de combinações do revestimento de fécula de mandioca incorporado com própolis, sob o conteúdo de fitoquímicos e na manutenção e incremento da atividade antioxidante de morangos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram fécula de mandioca 3% (CS), fécula de mandioca 3% + extrato etanólico de própolis 33% (CS + P33%), fécula de mandioca 3% + extrato etanólico de própolis 66% (CS+P66%) e controle (C), sendo os frutos armazenados a 4 ºC ± 0,5 ºC e UR90% por 16 dias, perfazendo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 tempos de avaliação. Avaliaram-se teores de vitamina C, compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas e atividade antioxidante, por dois métodos. O revestimento com 66% de própolis promoveu maior conteúdo de Vitamina C que os frutos submetidos a outros tratamentos aos 8 e 12 dias. Para a atividade antioxidante, frutos tratados com CS mantiveram maior %SRL (sequestro de radicais livres) em todos os tempos de avaliação. Frutos controle apresentaram maior teor de antocianinas no ú...
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