Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
City branding has gained increasing importance in recent years due to its perceived economic and political implications, necessitating the involvement of city governments and stakeholders in developing a successful cross-sectoral branding strategy. In this study, the researcher conducted a literature review and identified three critical dimensions - politics and compliance, socioeconomics, and sustainability - that must be considered when creating an implementation checklist for city regulators and executives. To address the research gap, the researcher developed a conceptual and practical framework that introduces three new terms - city branding image objects, artifacts, and infrastructure - essential in implementing city branding strategies in Indonesia. This study provides a comprehensive implementation framework checklist for city governments to ensure their branding strategy meets the three-dimensional criteria and has an appropriate implementation plan. Furthermore, the researcher expects that this article will initiate and stimulate a discussion on city branding strategies, anticipate that this study will offer an alternative perspective on city branding strategy and provide a valuable implementation tool for regulators, executives, and academics involved in city branding in Indonesia.
This study aims to reveal the influence and effect of stress and its ?predecessor through ?the lens of Job-Demand ?Resource Theory (JD-R). ?This research utilizes the quality of working life and work ?interference with personal life as ?predictors of stress and reduced audit quality practice. ?The ?subjects of ?this study involved 326 local government internal auditors in Bali ??Area. Quantitative analysis using PLS-SEM demonstrated both ?predictors’ effects in ?forming auditor’s stress. The study also confirms ?that stress mediates the ?formation of reduced audit quality ?practices among auditors. The result of the study is ?expected to give ?strategic recommendations to Government ?Internal Control Apparatus/Aparat Pengawasan Intern Pemerintah ??(APIP) management to promote better stress ?management and work-life balance programme, expecting ?to prevent dysfunctional audit practices while optimizing their ?audit quality. Keywords: job demand resource theory, quality of working life, work ?interference with personal life, job stress, reduced audit quality practice
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