This study aims to examine the effect of related party transactions (RPTs) on banks’ performance and investigates political connections as moderator in their causal relationship. Our sample is 40 Indonesian banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the years 2013–2016 with 160 observations as panel data. Based on panel data regression test, our results demonstrate that account receivables-related RPTs have a positive effect on banks’ profitability and its market performance (Tobin’s Q), but there are consequences of high operating costs and the risk of non-performing loans. Banks receive more funds from their related parties (account payables-related RPTs), banks exhibit higher capital capability and lower market performance. Further, the political connection index in banks significantly affect banks’ capability, liquidity, efficiency, and market value through RPTs. This result indicates that political connection strengthens the effects of RPTs on banks’ performance. Although this study has limited information in determining political connections and has not considered macroeconomic conditions, these findings imply that political connection plays an important role in banks’ performance in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of earnings management on carbon emission disclosure with corporate governance as a moderating variable. The population was companies in the sector of industry and chemical, agriculture, energy, transportation listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (IDX). Based on the purposive sampling method, 12 companies were selected as the samples (60 firmyear observations). The data analysis technique used is the moderate regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that the earnings management has a significant positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. The board of commissioner size moderates the influence of the earnings management on the carbon emission disclosure. The board of directors has a role in affecting the carbon emission disclosure, while the independent commissioners, the institutional ownership, and the audit committee meetings do not have a significant effect on weakening the effect of profit management on carbon emission disclosure.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji determinan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (Corporate Sosial Responsibility/CSR) dan pengaruh pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan di Indonesia. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Ukuran sampel penelitian sebanyak 156 perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia antara tahun 2014 dan 2017. Regresi data panel dengan model efek acak digunakan untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan umur perusahaan, jumlah dewan komisaris, ukuran dan reputasi perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan CSR, namun tidak terdapat pengaruh kinerja keuangan, jumlah kepemilikan saham manajamen, dan likuiditas. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa pengungkapan CSR dapat menentukan nilai perusahaan.

This research seeks to provide evidence about how political connections, proxied by government ownership and the existence of politically connected board members, affect the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in Indonesian listed companies. This research uses the legitimacy theory as a basis for explaining management's motivation for disclosing its CSR. The sample consists of 131 firm-year observations from 38 non-financial public companies that published sustainability reports from 2013 to 2017. We measured the CSR disclosures using a disclosure checklist on the sustainability reports. We subsequently processed the data using a random effect (RE) linear regression. The result shows that CSR disclosures were greater in government-owned companies but lower in companies that have politically connected board members. The results support the legitimacy theory that the government intends to demonstrate legitimate national economic and political conditions by showing that government-owned companies are sustainable. However, CSR disclosures seem to have a substitutive relationship with the existence of politically connected board members, since those political connections may protect the company from public pressure and/or the risk of litigation, reducing the need for CSR disclosures. This research provides evidence that different types of political connections may have different impacts on corporate disclosures.

Climate change is caused by increasing carbon emissions and this become a global concern. Indonesia, as a significant carbon emitter, is expected to reduce carbon emissions. This study examines the factors that cause companies to disclose carbon emissions, with a sample of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, for 2016-2018. The number of samples obtained was 108 firm years. The results showed that the determinants for companies to disclose carbon emissions were profitability, type of industry and company size. This means that the higher the profitability and size of the company, the wider the disclosure of carbon emissions. Industry types are classified as high profile and low profile, in relation to contributors to carbon emissions. The higher the profile, the wider the disclosure will be, due to pressure from stakeholders. This supports the legitimacy theory. The leverage factor does not cause the company to make disclosures. This is because companies with high leverage tend to lower costs. In addition, the carbon emission disclosure report is still voluntary, so the company only discloses what is mandatory. The banking industry is required to prepare a sustainability report for 2019, so further research can use banking industry objects.