Global Prevalence and Potential Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Meta-Analysis

Fajar, Jonny Karunia; Sallam, Malik; Soegiarto, Gatot; Sugiri, Yani Jane; Anshory, Muhammad; Wulandari, Laksmi; Kosasih, Stephanie Astrid Puspitasari; Ilmawan, Muhammad; Kusnaeni, Kusnaeni; Fikri, Muhammad; Putri, Frilianty; Hamdi, Baitul; Pranatasari, Izza Dinalhaque; Aina, Lily; Maghfiroh, Lailatul; Ikhriandanti, Fernanda Septi; Endiaverni, Wa Ode; Nugraha, Krisna Wahyu; Wiranudirja, Ory; Edinov, Sally; Hamdani, Ujang; Rosyidah, Lathifatul; Lubaba, Hanny; Ariwibowo, Rinto; Andistyani, Riska; Fitriani, Ria; Hasanah, Miftahul; Nafis, Fardha Ad Durrun; Tamara, Fredo; Latamu, Fitri Olga; Kusuma, Hendrix Indra; Rabaan, Ali A.; Alhumaid, Saad; Mutair, Abbas Al; Garout, Mohammed; Halwani, Muhammad A.; Alfaresi, Mubarak; Azmi, Reyouf Al; Alasiri, Nada A.; Alshukairi, Abeer N.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Harapan, Harapan

doi:10.3390/vaccines10081356

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The overall acceptance rate of booster COVID-19 vaccination among 198,831 subjects across 48 studies conducted in 23 countries was 81% (95% CI: 75–85%). This rate was higher compared with the recent and earlier estimates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, which ranged from 60% to 75% in various meta-analyses [ 85 , 93 , 94 ]. This higher estimated proportion of accepting the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination can be related to the timing of the included studies, which were conducted in a recent time period compared with earlier studies tackling COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Despite accumulated evidence showing the safety and effectiveness of the currently approved COVID-19 vaccines, the success of vaccination campaigns was challenged by the conspicuous barrier of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy [ 8 , 9 ]. Several factors were shown to be correlated with lower acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, including the sociodemographic characteristics and psychological factors, including (1) low confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy; (2) high complacency manifested in a higher perception of disease risks; (3) low convenience in terms of accessibility to vaccination services; (4) high calculation of the benefits and risks of vaccination; (5) low collective responsibility needed to protect the vulnerable groups in societies; and (6) high embrace of vaccine conspiracy beliefs [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster dose vaccination after completing the primary vaccination series for individuals ≥18 years and most-at-risk populations. This study aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose uptake and intention to get the booster dose among general populations and healthcare workers (HCWs). We searched PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect according to PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 1079 screened records, 50 studies were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using 48 high-quality studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Using the 48 included studies, the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose acceptance among 198,831 subjects was 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 75–85%, I2 = 100%). The actual uptake of the booster dose in eight studies involving 12,995 subjects was 31% (95% CI: 19–46%, I2 = 100%), while the intention to have the booster dose of the vaccine was 79% (95% CI: 72–85%, I2 = 100%). The acceptance of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs was 66% (95% CI: 58–74%), I2 = 99%). Meta-regression revealed that previous COVID-19 infection was associated with a lower intention to have the booster dose. Conversely, previous COVID-19 infection was associated with a significantly higher level of booster dose actual uptake. Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled booster dose acceptance in the WHO region of the Americas, which did not include any actual vaccination, was 77% (95% CI: 66–85%, I2 = 100%). The pooled acceptance of the booster dose in the Western Pacific was 89% (95% CI: 84–92%, I2 = 100), followed by the European region: 86% (95% CI: 81–90%, I2 = 99%), the Eastern Mediterranean region: 59% (95% CI: 46–71%, I2 = 99%), and the Southeast Asian region: 52% (95% CI: 43–61%, I2 = 95). Having chronic disease and trust in the vaccine effectiveness were the significant predictors of booster dose COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The global acceptance rate of COVID-19 booster vaccine is high, but the rates vary by region. To achieve herd immunity for the disease, a high level of vaccination acceptance is required. Intensive vaccination campaigns and programs are still needed around the world to raise public awareness regarding the importance of accepting COVID-19 vaccines needed for proper control of the pandemic.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The global results also show that people in relationships are more likely to vaccinate compared to those who were single [ 37 ]; in our study, it turned out to be statistically insignificant compared to marriage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Thus, we can add more evidence to international results. In our case, occupation acts as a confounding factor, because we found those who were unemployed to be more willing to vaccinate, which is in contrast to global COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adult Polish Population—A Cross-Sectional Survey

et al. 2022

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Vaccinations are proven to be the most efficient in preventing COVID-19 disease. Nonetheless, some people are skeptical and hesitant. The study aimed to determine factors associated with willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the Polish adult population. An online survey consisting of questions regarding (1) demographic information and (2) health issues (the status of vaccination, comorbidities, receiving the flu vaccine and usage of health monitoring apps) was distributed between 13 January and 14 February 2022. Of the 7018 participants who met the study conditions, 76.89% (n = 5396) were females, 22.44% (n = 1575) were males and 0.67% (n = 47) did not specify gender. The median age was 31 years. Among them, 81.82% (n = 5742) were vaccinated and 18.18% (n = 1276) were not. 46.87% (n = 3289) had no chronic co-morbidities. Factors associated with lower odds to receive the vaccine were: being men (p = 0.02; OR = 0.83), having lower education status (p = 0.001, OR = 0.56–0.77), living in a smaller residence area (p < 0.001, OR = 0.47–0.73.), not receiving flu vaccination (p < 0.001, OR = 24.51) and not using health monitoring applications (p < 0.001, OR = 1.56). Health education and communication strategies are needed to achieve large-scale vaccine acceptability and finally herd immunity.

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“…Over the past few years, considerable empirical evidence has amassed regarding the factors that predict the intention to receive the primary course of a COVD-19 vaccine. Meta-analyses of these data indicate that, beyond basic sociodemographic variables, psychological perceptions comprising concern regarding COVID-19 virus and positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as situational and contextual factors such as previous COVID-19 infection, and regular experience with the influenza vaccine, are some of the strongest predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, in all cases, respondents had no prior experience with a COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Insights from the UK and Australia

Barnes

Colagiuri

2022

Vaccines

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As the global pandemic perpetuates, keeping the population vaccinated will be imperative to maintain societal protection from the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. However, while empirical evidence regarding predictors of the intention to receive a first COVID-19 vaccine has amassed, our understanding regarding the psychological and behavioral drivers of continued COVID-19 vaccination remains limited. In this pre-registered study (UK: AsPredicted#78370|Australia: AsPredicted#81667), factors predicting the intention to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine were investigated in two adult samples from the UK (N = 1222) and Australia (N = 1197) that were nationally representative on factors of age, gender, and geographic location. High levels of booster intent were found (73% and 67%, respectively). Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) revealed three key predictors of the intention to receive a booster vaccine that emerged across both UK and Australian samples: concern regarding the COVID-19 virus, positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines, and the perceived severity of side effects experienced to the last COVID-19 vaccine dose. Several additional factors (age, months since the last COVID-19 vaccine, familiarity with side effects, and regularly receiving the influenza vaccine) were present in the Australian dataset. These findings provide important evidence that targeting psychological perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and virus may serve to maintain participation in the COVID-19 vaccination programme, paving the way for future behavioural research in this area.

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Global Prevalence and Potential Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 78 publications

References 107 publications

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Factors Associated with Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adult Polish Population—A Cross-Sectional Survey

Drivers of the Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Insights from the UK and Australia

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