Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Background : Plant cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) are known flavonoid is efficacious as antioxidant. Antioxidant can prevent damage to the skin by reducing free radical activity. Purpose : The purpose of this study to determine the concentration of ethanol extract of leaves of cassava can be formulated into dosage cream body scrub which have antioxidant activity. Method : Cassava leaf extract obtained by maceration using 97% ethanol. Determination of antioxidant activity by the method of reduction of free radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl). Result : The ethanol extract of cassava leaves are formulated into dosage cream body scrub with concentration variations 0,0085 mg/mL (formula 1), 0,017 mg/mL (formula 2), and 0,0255 mg/mL (formula 3). Stability test preparation cream body scrub using cycling tests performed for 6 cycles. Preparation cream body scrub to formula I has a moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 158,16 µg/mL, formula 2 has an active antioxidant activity with IC50 66,59 µg/mL, and formula 3 has a stronger antioxidant activity with IC50 38,80 µg/mL. Conclusion : cream body scrub and cassava ethanol extract does not irritate so it is safe to use. Preparations cream body scrub well have the most activity at a concentration of 0,0255 mg/mL with IC50 38,80 µg/mL.
Etlingera alba is one of the Etlingera plants that has not been studied intensively. Plants that belong to the same genus have similar constituents and pharmacological activities. Thus, we aim to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, of E. alba rhizome extract (EA). The chemical constituent was detected using the test tube method. The inflammatory model rats were obtained by inducing them with 1% carrageenan, and their palm edema volume and cytokine levels, namely, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, were measured. Antibacterial activity was performed with broth microdilution. The phytochemical screening of EA was detecting alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and phenols. The EA has anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the palms’ edema volume and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α), and the optimal concentration was 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). On the other hand, EA also exhibited antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. enterica. In conclusion, similar to other Etlingera plants, EA also demonstrates pharmacological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
Bunga Kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius Linn) dari suku Asteraceae merupakan tumbuhan obat tradisional etnis Sulawesi Selatan yang secara empiris digunakan dalam pengobatan campak. Ekstrak etanol dari kasumba turate memberikan peningkatan aktivitas imunoglobulin G (IgG) dan aktivitas imunoglobulin A (IgA) yang sangat signifikan. Penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol bunga C. Tinctorius L memiliki potensi sebagai antimalaria secara in vitro dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 1,06 µg/ml. Sampel bunga C. tinctorius L. kering sebanyak 3 Kg dicacah hingga menjadi serbuk sebanyak 870 gram kemudian diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%. Hasil maserasi dipekatkan dengan vacuum rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 178,7gram. Profil fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol bunga C. tinctorius L. mengandung senyawa metabolit antara lain saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid, tanin dan antrakuinon.Kata kunci: Skrining, ekstrak, kasumba turate, obat tradisional, antimalaria
Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith or locally in Southeast Sulawesi known as Wualae fruit has activity as an immunomodulator by increasing phagocytosis activity. Prior studies have been conducted to observe the effect of E. elatior as an immunomodulator, thus further study is needed to observe the production of cytokines such as IL-1� and IL-6 which are responsible for the immune responses. Etlingera elatior fruit macerated with 96% ethanol for three days and produced a total of �74.6 g concentrated extract. Experimental animals used were divided into four groups (n=4) and treated orally once a day for seven days as follows: group I (0.5% Na CMC); group II (Stimuno�); group III (E. elatior fruit extract dose of 300 mg/kg BW); and group IV (E. elatior fruit extract dose of 400 mg/kg BW). On the eight-day, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally and left for an hour. Thereafter, blood was collected and assayed using ELISA Kit (Elabscience rat IL-1� and Elabscience rat IL-6). Results demonstrated that group IV increased levels of IL-1� and group III and IV increased level of IL-6 (p<0.05). Increased levels of IL-1� and IL-6 are associated with phagocytosis in the immune response. In conclusion, E. elatior fruit extract at doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg BW increases levels of IL-1� and IL-6.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.