Objectives. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (S. fruticosa) is widely used in folk medicine. Accordingly, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S. fruticosa, and to determine the phenolic constituents of its extracts. Methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay. Total phenolic contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and high-performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify phenolic constituents. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema was determined plethysmographically. Key Findings. Different plant extracts demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity, where the ethyl acetate extract had the highest value in the roots and the lowest in the aerial parts. This antioxidant activity was correlated to the total phenolic content of different extracts, where rutin and luteolin were the most abundant constituents. Interestingly, both the roots and aerial parts revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to diclofenac. Conclusions. This study is the first to demonstrate pharmacologic evidence of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of S. fruticosa. This activity may partly be due to the radical scavenging effects of its polyphenolic contents. These findings warrant the popular use of the East Mediterranean sage and highlight the potential of its active constituents in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

Centaurea horrida has been used in folk medicine for many purposes as diuretic, antiinflammatory, hypotensive, antidiarrhetic, mild astringent, bitter tonic, stomachic, digestive, and emmenagogue and in cosmetics. An infusion of this plant is used to treat diabetes and digestive problems Also it is used as a wash for tired eyes and in conjunctivitis. C.horrida grown in Lebanon is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea, as antihypertensive and as hypoglycemic. Phytochemical investigation of the species grown in Lebanon led to the isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds isolated from methanol, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of Centaurea extracts. Their structures were determined by NMR, MS, UV and IR methods. It is important to mention that the isolated flavonoids fisetin, hispidulin, quercetin, quercetin -3-D- galactoside and caffeic acid were isolated for the first time from Centaurea horrida. L growing in the Middle East.

Terfezia species have been shown to be nutrient-dense and can be used as functional meals for human nutrition. They outperformed other diets in terms of iron, potassium, copper, and zinc. The physical features, chemical composition, and mineral content of two Terfezia species were studied. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract was further evaluated by assessing its radical scavenging capacity against 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Terfezia samples were chemically evaluated using GC-MS to establish if there was a link between antioxidant activity and polyphenol content and quantity. Terfezia claveryi and Terfezia boudieri samples were shown to have similar polyphenolic compositions and, as a result, virtually identical antioxidant activity. The results were compared to Terfezia species found in other places. Terfezia claveryi essential oil had more than fifty volatiles, whereas Terfezia boudieri essential oil contained more than eighty. The scientific findings of this study may be useful for marketing, the food industry, human nutrition, and maximum usage, particularly in Terfezia-growing areas.

Genus Anthemis of Family Asteraceae contains mainly flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones belonging to germacranolides, eudesmanolides, guaianolides, sterols and essential oils. The Plants of genus Anthemis have been known to have anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities due to their rich contents of important physiological and biological compounds. They are referred to as nature's biological response modifier's and are involved in energy transfer, photosensitization and morphogenesis. Several clinical studies have shown that people who take diets rich in flavonoids and sesquiterpenes have reduced risk of developing cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This article covers most of constituents of plants of genus Anthemis reported from 2002 up to 2018. Furthermore, the biological activities of plants of genus Anthemis will be presented.

Objective: Plants of genus Salvia are used in traditional folk medicine for their antidiabetic, anti-oxidant effects and for gastric disorders. The oil has an antiseptic property and it is used as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes. An infusion of the leaves is widely used as a mouthwash or gargle and for the treatment of inflammation of the mouth and throat. It is used as carminative, antiinflammatory, astringent, cytotoxic and antispasmodic. Materials and Methods: Air-dried powdered aerial parts and roots of Salvia fruticosa libanotica were extracted separately with ethanol and acetone then their residues were separately extracted with different solvents on silica gel columns. Results: From Salvia fruticosa libanotica, eight phenolic compounds were isolated from methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the chosen plant. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by NMR, MS, IR and UV spectroscopic methods. Conclusion: Among these compounds three Flavonoids named apigenin, luteolin and rutin were identified in addition to three phenolic acids which are ferulic acid, gallic acid and rosemarinic acid from aerial parts. Moreover, carnosol and dehydro-abietic acid were also isolated from Salvia fruticosa libanotica root extract. All the isolated compounds were obtained for the first time from Salvia fruticosa libanotica. Keywords: Salvia fruticosa libanotica, Antidiabetic, Anti-oxidant, Rutin; Carnosol, Dehydroabietic acid. Therefore, this research aims to isolate the antioxidative phenolic constituents including flavonoids and abietane diterpenoids from both aerial and root parts that might have biological activities. Rima MATERIALS AND METHODS GeneralThe IR spectra were determined on Shimadzu IR spectrophotometer (FT/IR-8300) in KBr discs and the absorption bands were measured in cm CNMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 500MHZ apparatus. Column chroma tography was performed over silica gel (70-230, mesh, Fluka) using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and methanol gradients as eluents. UV spectra were determined using CibaCorning Double-beam spectrophotometer (2800 spectroscan) and mass spectra were recorded on a AEIMS-50 spectrometer. 6.25 (1H, d, J=2Hz, 6.4 (1H, d, J=2Hz, 7.6 (1H, s, 6.82 (1H, d, J=8Hz, 7.52 (1H, dd, J=8.2Hz,2Hz, 5.15 (1H, d, J=2Hz, 4.54 (4H, d, J=8Hz, d, J=1Hz,. Plant material 13CNMR (DMSO,500 MHz); 158.5 (C-2), 134 (C-3), 178 (C-4), 162.5 (C-5), 101.5 (C-6), 164 (C-7), 93.8 (C-8), 123.1 (C-1'), 117.5 (C-2'), 144 (C-3'), 148.5 (C-4'), 116.5 (C-5') and 123.5 (C-6'). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCompounds 1, 2 and 3 were found to be 5-hydroxyflavonol derivatives. Compound 1 was deduced to be C 15 H 11 O 5 and its UV spectra in AlCl 3 and AlCl 3 /HCl showed the absence of 3'-OH. EIMS showed its molecular ion peak at m/z=270. 1 HNMR was integrated for 11 protons. Accordingly, compound 1 was identified as apigenin. It was confirmed by co-chromatography with apigenin standard. The molecular formula of compound 2 was deduced to be C 1...