-The development and parasitism of Diaphania hyalinata L. eggs by Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner and its thermal requirements were studied at the temperatures of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33°C. Thirty eggs of D. hyalinata were exposed to three females of T. atopovirilia for 5h at 25°C and incubated at the different temperatures. The developmental time from egg exposure to adult, parasitism viability, number of adults per parasitized host egg and progeny sex ratio were monitored. The developmental time from egg to adult emergence of the parasitoid exhibited inverse relationship to the temperature, lasting 24.12 days at 18°C and 7.36 days at 33°C. Parasitism viability at 24, 27 and 30°C was higher than 90%. The ratio of T. atapovirilia adult produced per egg and its sex ratio were not affected when using D. hialynata as host. The lowest threshold temperature (Tb) and estimated degree-days over Tb required by T. atopovirilia to develop on eggs of D. hyalinata was 11.99°C and 130.42 o C, respectively. Considering the temperature regimes of two areas where cucurbitaces are cultivated in Bahia State (Rio Real and Inhambupe County) it was estimated that T. atopovirilia can achieve more than 32 generation per year. The results suggest that T. atopovirilia has potential to control D. hyalinata eggs with better chance of success under temperature regimes ranging from 24 to 27°C that meets the suitable field conditions for cropping cucurbitaces.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo registrar a primeira ocorrência, no Brasil, do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) na broca-das-cucurbitáceas, Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A espécie T. diatraeae já foi relatada no Brasil em pragas da gravioleira no Distrito Federal e eucalipto nos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. No sistema produtivo da abóbora D. hyalinata é reconhecidamente uma praga importante por causar sérios prejuízos em função das injúrias provocadas em diferentes partes da planta. A ocorrência do parasitóide foi registrada em pupas coletadas no campo, localizado no campus experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no município de Alegre-ES.
RESUMOEstudou-se no presente trabalho, as características biológicas de Trichogramma atopovirilia em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda sob influência do fungo Lecanicillium lecanii, com o objetivo de verificar, em laboratório, se este entomopatógeno é seletivo ao parasitóide. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no setor entomologia do Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico em Manejo Fitossanitário NUDEMAFI . Os indicativos de seletividade adotados foram: número de ovos parasitados, porcentagem de emergência (viabilidade), número de indivíduos por ovo, razão sexual e longevidade das fêmeas que parasitaram. Nenhum desses parâmetros foi afetado pelo fungo, levando à conclusão de que o mesmo é seletivo a T. atopovirilia, possibilitando ser conveniente a utilização simultânea de ambos os agentes de controle biológico no Manejo Integrado de Pragas.Termos para indexação: Insecta, parasitóide, fungo entomopatogênico, MIP. ABSTRACTThe present work studied the biological characteristics of Trichogramma atopovirilia in eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda under influence of the fungus Lecanicillium lecanii, with the aim of verifing in laboratory if this entomopathogenic fungus is selective to the parasitoid. The studies were carried out in the entomology sector of Nucleus of Scientific & Technological Development in Phytossanitary Management (NUDEMAFI). The indicatives of selectivity adapted used were: number of parasited eggs, emergency percentage (viability), number of individuals for egg, sex ratio and longevity of the females that parasited. None of these parameters were affected by the fungus, leading to the conclusion that the same is selective to T. atopovirilia, possibiliting the simultaneous utilization of both agents of biological control into the Integrated Management of Pests.
Nosemosis is an important bee disease that is caused by microsporidia fungi of the Nosema genus, whose main etiological agents are Nosema apis and N. ceranae, both of which are found worldwide. In Brazil, the disease has been reported in several states but little is known about its occurrence and distribution in Bahia. This study identified the occurrence and distribution of nosemosis and its agents, N. apis and N. ceranae, in Apis mellifera L. bees collected from apiaries in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 154 bee samples were collected and analyzed from 20 apiaries in six regions of the state. The hives sampled were evaluated for signs of the disease from December 2015 to July 2018. Molecular diagnosis was made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No signs of nosemosis were observed in the sampled apiaries, but from 154 samples analyzed via PCR, 96 were infected with N. ceranae. This pathogen was reported in samples from all six regions evaluated, and its occurrence in important apiculture regions of Bahia State is discussed in this study.
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