Penurunan mutu Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dapat terjadi selama penyimpanan di storage tank dan ketika proses pengiriman, oleh adanya reaksi oksidasi dan reaksi hidrolisis sehingga menurunkan suhu CPO selama penyimpanan. Suhu dipenyimpanan CPO yang tidak terkontrol dengan baik, sering kali menjadi penyebab terjadinya penurunan mutu CPO di dalam storage tank. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas CPO produksi selama penyimpanan pada berbagai variasi suhu dan pengadukan. Parameter yang diamati dan dianalisis dari proses penyimpanan CPO di storage tank terdiri dari: waktu penyimpanan, variasi suhu, dan penambahan sistem pengaduk atau agitator. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak dua kali sehari, sedangkan parameter yang diamati yaitu Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB), kadar kotoran, dan kadar air. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem pengadukan dapat memperlambat kenaikan ALB dibandingkan dengan sistem penyimpanan konvensional. Kenaikan kandungan ALB CPO pada penyimpanan konvensional sebesar 0,13% per hari, sedangkan ALB sistem penyimpanan dengan pengadukan hanya menaikkan ALB CPO sebesar 0,05% per hari. Berdasarkan penelitian ini temperatur yang optimum untuk mempertahankan kualitas CPO adalah 50 oC. Kata Kunci: agitator, asam lemak bebas, crude palm oil, storage tank, temperatur
Penggunaan pupuk organik perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengurangi konsumsi pupuk anorganik. Salah satu bahan organik yang ketersediaannya melimpah, mudah diperoleh dan terjaga kontinuitasnya adalah kotoran sapi yang dapat diolah menjadi biogas. Salah satu limbah biogas adalah slurry padat yang masih mengandung nutrisi atau zat hara untuk tanaman tetapi pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Melalui pemanfaatan teknologi, limbah biogas dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk yang mempunyai nilai tambah, salah satunya menjadi pelet pupuk organik. Tujuan dari program pengabdian adalah: (1) melakukan sosialisasi, memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat khususnya Kelompok Tani Ternak Bulu Andini tentang pembuatan pupuk pelet organik dari limbah biogas. (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat khususnya Kelompok Tani Ternak Bulu Andini untuk mengaplikasikan pelet pupuk organik dari limbah biogas dalam pembibitan beberapa tanaman perkebunan, yaitu kopi, kakao, dan pala. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain: survey, pelatihan in class, praktik, dan pendampingan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok ternak untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah slurry biogas melalui transfer ilmu pengolahan pelet pupuk yang dapat diaplikasikan pada tanaman perkebunan. Program pengabdian ini juga mampu memberikan peningkatan kemampuan kepada masyarakat mengenai pemberian pupuk pelet ke tanaman perkebunan dengan teknis aplikasi yang tepat.
The high availability of slurry from palm oil mill effluent, solid, and boiler ash with their nutrient contents make those three materials are potential to be processed become organic fertilizer in the form of pellet so it tends to has slow release characteristic. This research aims to analyize characteristic of organic fertilizer pellet from slurry of palm oil mill effluent as slow release fertilizer by analyzing its physical characteristics, NPK content, and NPK releasing rate in soil.Slurry was processed become solid fertilizer in the form of pellet using pellet mill with tapioca adhesive 5%. Pellet was made from slurry, solid, and boiler ash which were mixed with ratio 1:1:1, 1:2:2, 2:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:1:2, 1:0:0 (only slurry). This research ware analysis of physical characteristis (length, diameter, and density) and analysis of NPK content. N content was analyzed using Kjeldahl method, P content using spectrophotometer, and K content using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Then it was continued with analysis of NPK releasing content in latosol soil.The average length of pellets was 31–48 mm, diameter was 5,42 – 6,28 mm, water content was 0,426 – 0,976%, particle density was 1,04 – 1,34 g/cm3, and bulk density 0,49–0,63 g/cm3. Organic fertilizer pellet in six formulas contained N+P2O5+K2O about 5,93–8,08%. The highest content (8,08%) was produced from 1:0:0 pellet, followed by 2:1:2 formula (7,53%), and 1:2:2 formula (7,25%). Until the 10th days, the releasing of N element was about 1,99 – 3,18%, P element was 0,063– 0,075%, and K element was 43,54 – 62,26%.
Biomass pellet or pellets are bio solid fuel made from compacted sawdust and other bio waste. Pelletized processes consist of three major unit operations, i.e. drying, size reduction (grinding), and densification. Increasing biomass density needs a machine, to produce pellet with best quality. Pellet mill or pelletization machine in Indonesia still expensive because due to import duties, difficult maintenance process, and suitable for small and medium enterprise or industry. The purpose of this study was to design a prototype pellet mill integrated size reduction that encompasses size reduction as well as extrusion using the fixed dies type pelletizing method, and fabricated using locally available construction materials. Main features of the machine are hopper, gearbox, electric motor (2.23 kW, 1 phase, 3 hp rating), axial shaft, roller, and fixed dies. Material used in this research was A.mangium bark and the results of this study indicated the pellet mill has been able to produce pellets with a throughput capacity of 7.70 kg/h, with rotation speed 68.98 rpm, and load of machine range 0.44-0.51 kW.
Polybag plastik pada umumnya digunakan dalam pembibitan tanaman. Namun, penggunaan polybag plastik berpotensi mencemari lingkungan karena limbah plastik sulit terurai. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, diperlukan adanya alternatif pengganti polybag plastik seperti polybag berbahan dasar organik. Serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan serabut mesocarp merupakan limbah padat hasil olahan pabrik kelapa sawit dengan jumlah yang banyak dan mudah terdekomposisi oleh mikroba tanah. Atas dasar ini, serat tandan kosong dan serabut mesocarp dapat dijadikan bahan dasar pembuatan polybag organik. Di lapangan, tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) diaplikasikan secara utuh (tanpa dicacah), kemudian TKKS dicacah secara manual menggunakan parang. Selanjutnya, serabut mesocarp digunakan untuk bahan bakar boiler. Dalam hal ini, pabrik yang memiliki biogas dapat memanfaatkan gas yang dihasilkannya untuk membantu menaikkan tekanan boiler melalui burner, namun banyak serabut dari mesocarp yang tersisa. Polybag dibuat dengan cara dicetak menggunakan cetakan yang ditekan dengan tekanan ± 1.730 N/m2, kemudian polybag dibakar diatas tungku dengan suhu 1.020-1.200° selama 3 menit dengan variasi 3 perlakuan yang berbeda yaitu K1 (500 ml air + tepung tapioka 10 gr), K2 (500 ml air + tepung tapioka 30 gr), K3 (500 ml air + tepung tapioka 50 gr). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa polybag organik dengan komposisi tandan kosong 42,9%, fiber 42,9%, dan tepung tapioka 14,2% memiliki kekuatan terhadap beban dan benturan terbaik dengan ketahanan terhadap beban maksimal 10 kg dan ketahanan terhadap benturan maksimal 5 meter. Selain itu polybag organik dengan komposisi tandan kosong 42,9%, fiber 42,9%, dan tepung tapioka 14,2% memiliki kualitas fisik polybag terbaik terhadap pH, daya serap, kadar air, rasio C/N dengan nilai pH 5,72, daya serap 60%, kadar air 9%, dan rasio C/N 77%.
Indonesia’s crude palm oil (CPO) production from year to year continues to increase, at the end of 2020 it reached 17.35 million tons, up 3.6% from the previous year. Increasing production will result in more CPO stock and require good storage. The storage process that occurs is to maintain the temperature of the CPO so that the quality is not damaged. This temperature regulation is still done manually and raises the risk of work accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature control system and automatic volume measurement that can be monitored from a smartphone. The manufacture of a control system used ESP8266 NodeMCu microcontroller, temperature sensor, proximity sensor, and 1000-Watt heater. Programming used the Arduino IDE and C++. The result of this study was an IoT CPO Storage Tank design equipped with sensors and microcontrollers. The temperature was measured with the DS18B20 sensor had a data accuracy of 99.19% while the volume measured with the HC-SR04 sensor had an accuracy of 99.78%. Data obtained from the sensor could be seen through the Thingspeak application from a computer or smartphone.
Organic fertilizer can yield higher production compared to regular fertilizer if properly applied. Thus, it can be a solution to improve nutrient content of soil. The biggest source of bio slurry in plantation is from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and cow dung biogas. This research aimed to analyze the residue’s potential from the result of biogas processing and bio slurry from POME as slow-release fertilizer pellet. Bio slurry was processed into pellet through densification process using pellet mill. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design method with five slurry compositions as treatments, including 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 (ratio of biogas slurry and POME slurry), each consisted of three replications. According to the data obtained, fertilizer pellets had characteristics of 25 – 29 mm of length, 5.23 – 5.85 mm of diameter, 0.44 – 0.53 g/cm3 of density, 54.78% - 81.96% of durability, and 7.81% - 8.57% of moisture content. Based on density and durability aspects, 30:70 composition was the higher. Macronutrient content of the five compositions were 1.88% - 2.72%, in which on day 22, N, P, and K release was 0.36 – 1.01%, 73.51 – 97.48%, and 3.19 – 7.85%, respectively. Meanwhile, on day 17, the nutrition solution conductivity of all compositions had already reached 0.80 – 1 mS/cm.
ABSTRAK Salah satu permasalahan limbah pabrik kelapa sawit adalah pengelolaan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk penanganan limbah TKKS, yakni dengan konversinya secara biologis untuk menjadi green fertilizer. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dan metode analisis deskriptif pada masing – masing perlakuan dan ditentukan lamanya penelitian selama 28 hari. Alat yang digunakan adalah cangkul, ember, gembor, dan tempat vermikomposting. Peralatan pengujian antara lain timbangan, pH meter dan jangka sorong. Kemudian bahan yang digunakan adalah limbah – limbah kelapa sawit (Sludge, Solid, dan Tankos). Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah meng-kompositkan 3 bahan – bahan limbah sawit dengan proporsi 100%, 50%, dan 25% kemudian diberikan cacing Lumbricus rubellus sebesar 500 gr setiap perlakuan. Parameter yang dilakukan adalah pengujian laju penguraian, pH, karakteristik cacing yang kemudian dilakukan pengamatan setiap 7 hari sekali sampai dengan penentuan waktu selama 28 hari. Laju dekomposisi bahan organik yang dilakukan oleh cacing mendapatkan respon paling tinggi pada perlakuan pencampuran media L6 (65 %) dan L7 (88%). Proses dekomposisi ternyata tidak mempengaruhi pH media, pH yang didapat rerata adalah 6. Dari proses laju dekomposisi dan pH media tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik cacing Lumbricus rubellus dimana pertumbuhannya justru meningkat. Hal ini diduga karena kondisi media yang cocok untuk keberlangsungan hidupnya. ABSTRACT One of the problems with palm oil mill waste is the management of Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEFB). One method that can be used for handling OPEFB waste is by converting it biologically to green fertilizer. The method used in this research is observation and descriptive analysis methods for each treatment. The length of the study was 28 days. The tools used were a hoe, bucket, watering can, and a place for vermicomposting. Testing equipment includes scales, pH meters and calipers. Material used was palm oil waste (sludge, solid, and empty bunches). The treatment carried out was to composite 3 materials - palm oil waste materials with a proportion of 100%, 50%, and 25%. The composite was then given 500 grams of Lumbricus rubellus worms per treatment. The parameters measured were the decomposition rate, pH, characteristics of the worms which were observed every 7 days up to 28 days. The rate of decomposition of organic matter received the highest response in the mixing treatment of L6 (65%) and L7 (88%) media. The decomposition process did not affect the pH of the media. The average pH obtained was 6. The process of decomposition rate and media pH did not affect the characteristics of Lumbricus rubellus worms. The growth of the worms increased, which is presumably because the media conditions were suitable for their survival.
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