With the offshore oil exploration moving farther away from the coast the designers of offshore support vessels (OSV) are being faced with new challenges, as those vessels must now be capable of efficiently sail farther away at high speeds and also remain in dynamic positioning (DP) for longer periods in harsher seas.Historically, the propulsion system is optimized to one of these conditions -free sailing and DP -while the performance in the remaining condition being consequential. We then have OSVs being fitted with either one of the two main propulsion systems widely known in the market: either mechanical or diesel-electric propulsion, the former being optimal for free sailing or traction (bollard-pull) and the latter being the preferred choice for vessels that must remain in dynamic positioning for extended periods of time. However, the new far away offshore fields have complicated this fixed scenario as vessels fitted with mechanical propulsion are now in DP condition for longer periods while diesel-electric vessels are required to steam at high speeds for distances that get longer every day. In both cases, their propulsion systems are operating far from their optimal point during extended periods of time, which causes excessive fuel consumption and increases the wear and tear of the equipment. The latter can be a major problem in regions where repair shipyards and dry docks are in short supply.The so-called "hybrid propulsion system" is still somewhat unknown and has relatively few applications on the commercial maritime transportation when compared to the most utilized propulsion systems -the already mentioned mechanical and diesel-electric systems. Also known as Diesel-Electric-Mechanic (or by the acronym DEM) this system can be shown to be a fairly good alternative for vessels with an operational profile which alternates between high and low propulsive power demand, for vessels which need very high redundancy in the propulsion system but would not benefit from a fully diesel-electric propulsion, and for vessels that may have more than one operational profile. This paper has the purpose of introducing the hybrid system, as well as describing its main benefits for the offshore designer and operator.
This work aimed to assess Brazilian biomes’ biocapacity (BC) using concepts of the Emergy Ecological Footprint method. Climate and forest cover data were interpolated using the Kriging method. In 2016, the Brazilian BC was among the largest in the world, 42.11 gha / cap. The biomes’ forest coverage areas were investigated and simulated in two scenarios: optimistic (with 100% forest coverage) and pessimistic (only 10%). The Amazon’s contribution of half the Brazilian BC would reduce by 88% in a pessimistic scenario. The Atlantic Forest contribution was only 1.9% of the national BC, however, in an optimistic scenario, it would increase by 690%. The reduction of deforestation, fires and expansion of areas protected by law are measures that positively impact the BC of the studied biomes. This methodology can be used as an environmental quality indicator as it adheres to the principles of Sustainable Development.
Com a chegada desta edição de número 15, a Revista Culturas Jurídicas (RCJ), periódico editado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Constitucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (PPGDC/UFF), encerra o ano de 2019, seu sexto ano de existência e publicações. Neste novo número trazemos na linha editorial a temática Pesquisa Jurídica e Ensino em Direito Constitucional e Direitos Humanos, cujo desenvolvimento foi possível através do recebimento de contribuições provenientes de autores(as) e pesquisadores(as) brasileiros(as) e estrangeiros(as), sempre com foco na manutenção e elevação do nível de excelência já atingido por esta publicação, e que confere ao periódico a categoria de Qualis A2, atribuída pela CAPES.Como de costume, buscamos desta vez trazer os temas da Pesquisa Jurídica e do Ensino do Direito para o ambiente da América Latina e do Direito Constitucional, sendo estas as marcas que identificam a RCJ na comunidade acadêmica brasileira. Neste sentido, aqui trazemos treze artigos da lavra de professores(as) que lecionam Direito Constitucional em seus países e instituições, artigos de pesquisadores(as) que questionam o próprio ensino jurídico em si mesmo, bem como a pesquisa jurídica, fazendo-nos refletir sobre as escolhas que fazemos diuturnamente. Nosso primeiro artigo é da lavra do Professor Doutor Guillermo Luévano Bustamante, Doutor em Ciências Sociais com especialidade em Antropologia Social pelo Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS), México; e Professor na Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), também no México. Com o título "Formação crítica de Direitos Humanos através da clínica jurídica", o texto busca criticar o modelo de formação em pesquisa e, em geral, de ensino "tradicional" ou dominante no campo jurídico por ser vertical, autoritário, memorístico e excessivamente verbalizado. Isso, na visão do autor, implica que a função dos alunos seja normalmente passiva, pouco reativa e principalmente receptiva, havendo pouca incidência na execução de operações mentais e na execução de procedimentos jurídicos, tanto legislativos, administrativos, judiciais e de investigação por parte daqueles que frequentam as salas de aula das Faculdades de Direito. O autor segue defendendo que há modelos recentes de formação em pesquisa e ensino do Direito -como o ensino crítico -que estariam comprometidos com formas mais interativas e proativas e que demandam outras modalidades daqueles que ensinam no campo jurídico. Finaliza por discutir
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