RESUMOEste trabalho foi realizado para avaliar as características fermentativas e a estabilidade aeróbica das silagens de grãos úmidos de milho: convencional, doce e reidratado. Foi utilizado um delineamento em esquema fatorial 3x3 com três tipos de milho (Fortuna, doce e reidratado) e três tratamentos de inoculação (sem inoculação; com inoculação bacteriana; inoculação bacteriana mais enzimas). Foram avaliados a estabilidade aeróbica (diferença entre temperatura do bulbo seco e temperatura das silagens) e os valores de pH com: 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 192, 216, 240 e 296 horas de exposição aeróbica. Adicionalmente, foram testados diferentes modelos matemáticos para estimar os valores médios de pH pós abertura. Houve interação (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos de inoculação e tipos de milho para a estabilidade aeróbica e para pH nas horas 72, 168 e 192 após a abertura dos silos. SUMMARYThis work was carried out to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability, regarding the conventional high moisture corn grain silage (Fortuna variety), the high moisture sweet corn grain silage and the high moisture rehydrated corn silage. Data were statistically analyzed as a 3x3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, and the factors were three types of corn (Fortuna, sweet and rehydrated) and three inoculation treatments (without inoculum, bacterial inoculum and bacterial inoculum plus enzymes). The aerobic stability values were assessed, collecting the temperatures from the room dry bulb and from the silage thermometers, and the pH values, at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 192, 216, 240 and 296 hours after aerobic exposition. Additionally, different mathematical models to estimate the mean pH values after opening were tested. Interactions were observed (P<0.05) between types of corns
ResumoForam conduzidos três ensaios de digestibilidade para determinar o valor nutricional, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente e os teores de energia do trigo de duplo propósito (cultivar BRS Tarumã), produzido em sistema agroecológico ou convencional, para suínos em diferentes fases da criação (15, 45 e 75 kg de peso vivo-PV). Foram utilizados 15 suínos machos castrados, híbridos comerciais de alto desempenho para cada fase, divididos em três grupos experimentais, o primeiro recebeu uma ração específica para a fase, denominada de ração referência (RR), os demais grupos receberam uma ração experimental com 70% de RR e 30% de trigo de duplo propósito dos sistemas agroecológico (Grupo 2) ou convencional (Grupo 3). Foram testadas diferenças entre os coeficientes para cada fase do estudo. Para as diferenças entre as fases foram realizadas análises descritivas das médias. Os sistemas de produção (convencional ou agroecológico) não alteraram os coeficientes de digestibilidade do trigo. As médias dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aos 45 e 75 kg foram maiores. Os valores de energia digestível foram de 3,25; 3,56 e 3,59 Mcal/kg para o trigo convencional e 3,14; 3,45 e 3,57 Mcal/kg para o trigo agroecológico, para as fases de 15, 45 e 75 kg de PV, respectivamente. A utilização do trigo a partir da fase de 45 kg apresentou melhores valores de digestibilidade, independente do sistema de produção. Palavras-chave: Cultura de inverno, digestibilidade, não-ruminantes AbstractThree experiments of the digestibility were carried out to determine the nutritional value, apparent digestibility and metabolizable coefficients and energy values for dual purpose wheat (BRS Tarumã) produced in agroecological or conventional system, for pigs in different stages (15, 45 and 75 kg of body weight -BW). Were used 15 barrows crossbreed of the commercial high-performance hybrids for each 1 Parte das dissertações do segundo e terceiro autores, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, PPGZ/UEMS e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, CAV/UDESC
We evaluated various sieving methods to estimate particle size (PS) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of ground corn. The corn had been previously divided in six fractions and each one ground in a hammermill (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 12-mm sieves). The stacked sieving method, with prior drying at 105ºC without agitators was the reference. We evaluated eight sieving methods, distributed in a factorial design (2 x 2 x 2 x 6), consisting of the following treatments: i) with and without agitators (two 25-mm rubber spheres), ii) with and without previous drying, iii) with a nest of test sieves set in a stacked or reverse, and iv) employing six ground corn degrees, totaling 48 treatments (four replicates). There was a linear increase in PS estimation for methods without drying and stacking and quadratic increases for the others. Reverse, drying, and agitator methodologies gave better sieving of corn, and consequently gave the lowest PS and highest GSD. The results were more pronounced for high-intensity grinding (hammermill sieve with small apertures) in which the differences between the reference method with the drying and reverse methods were up to 210 µm. Reverse sieving combined with agitators allowed the greatest passage of corn particles through the test sieves and promoted better characterization of ground corn.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep manure in agricultural soils on the behavior of Folsomia candida and initial growth and development of Avena sativa. For this, an Oxisol was submitted to different doses of sheep manure and was subsequently evaluated for Folsomia candida survival and avoidance behavior through standardized ecotoxicological assays, the initial performance of oats by germination test and the soil basal respiration rate by respirometry methodology. There was an increase in the basal respiration rate of the soil by the application of sheep manure and this was consistent with the increase of the doses. The survival rate and avoidance behavior of springtails were not altered and there was no change in the initial performance of oats, indicating that this manure can be used for organic fertilization of soils with low soil pollutant potential.
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