RESUMORealizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado do Tocantins, entre fevereiro de 2002 e agosto de 2003. O Estado foi dividido em seis áreas com características produtivas homogêneas (circuitos produtores). Para cada área, foi calculada uma amostragem simples aleatória de 300 propriedades, com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de focos de brucelose além da prevalência de fêmeas bovinas adultas soropositivas. Para isso, foram amostradas de 10 a 15 vacas com idade superior a dois anos em cada propriedade. [19.3-23.1%]. When the production regions were considered, the prevalences for the regions 1, 2, 3, and 5 were: 16.0% [12.1-20.6%], 37.6% [32.1-43.4%], 26.4% [21.5-31.7%], and 29.3% [24.3-34.7%], respectively. In the regions 4 and 6, the prevalences were 5.8% [3.5-9.1%] and 8.6% [5.7-12.2%]

BackgroundDiarrhea in piglets directly affects commercial swine production. The disease results from the interaction of pathogens with the host immune system and is also affected by management procedures. Several pathogenic agents such as Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., group A rotavirus (RV-A), coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), as well as nematode and protozoan parasites, can be associated with disease cases.ResultsAll bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasitic agents here investigated, with the exception of Salmonella spp. as well as both coronaviruses, were detected in varying proportions in piglet fecal samples, and positive animals were equally distributed between case and control groups. A statistically significant difference between case and control groups was found only for Cystoisospora suis (p = 0.034) and Eimeria spp. (p = 0.047). When co-infections were evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found only for C. perfringens β2 and C. suis (p = 0.014).ConclusionsThe presence of pathogens in piglets alone does not determine the occurrence of diarrhea episodes. Thus, the indiscriminate use of antibiotic and anthelminthic medication should be re-evaluated. This study also reinforces the importance of laboratory diagnosis and correct interpretation of results as well as the relevance of control and prophylactic measures.

ABSTRACT:Peccaries and pigs, Tayassuidae and Suidae respectively, diverged approximately one million years ago from a common ancestor. Because these families share some pathogens, peccaries can act as reservoirs of infectious pathogens for domestic and wild swine. We evaluated the presence of swine infectious agents in the spleen and lung tissues of white-lipped peccaries (WLP; Tayassu pecari) and collared peccaries (CP; Pecari tajacu) in Brazil. Samples from 10 adult CP and three WLP, which had been hunted by locals or hit by motor vehicles, were obtained from two free-ranging Brazilian populations. The samples were tested by PCR for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), and porcine parvovirus (PPV). Positive samples were sequenced. Both species were negative for PPV and B. bronchiseptica and positive for PCV2 and SuHV-1. The lungs of two animals were positive for M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida. This report is the first demonstration of PCV2 and SuHV-1 swine viruses and of M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida bacteria in peccaries. One factor contributing to this detection was access to tissue samples, which is uncommon. The role of these infectious agents in peccaries is unknown and further epidemiologic studies should be performed. This study identified several infectious agents in peccaries and highlighted the importance of the tissue type used to detect pathogens.

Diagnosisto detect porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by optical and transmission electron microscopy techniques.

No abstract

Mycobacterium was verified in animals from a Brazilian dairy herd, a total of 42 samples from 30 cows were submitted to culture and the isolated strains were analyzed by two polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the first specific for species belonging to the Mycobacterium complex (MTBC) (Bouvet et al. 1993). From a clinical and epidemiological perspective, a rapid method to differentiate both species is important for timely diagnosis, effective treatment (due to the intrinsic resistance of M. bovis to pirazynamide) and epidemiology of TB (Shah et al. 2002).The bovine population in Brazil consists of about 180 million animals, with prevalence of TB ranging between 0.9 and 2.9% depending on the region and kind of production (Kantor & Ritacco 1994). Between 1989 and 1998, official notification data indicated a national prevalence of 1.3% of infected animals (Brasil 2005). Due to disgonic and very slow growth, the identification of M. bovis by conventional biochemical methods is cumbersome and timeconsuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive and fast diagnostic tool that can be used to detect the agent in clinical samples in 48 h, but the presence of inhibitors in samples can interfere with its performance (Haddad et al. 2004, Singh et al. 2004, Brasil 2005.Among the several PCR systems developed for detection of species composing the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) (Wards et al. 1995, Brasil 2005, we focused on two. One was described by Niyaz Ahmed et al.(1999) and based on specific primers (NZ1 and NZ2) for the insertion sequence IS 1081, selectively present in organisms of the MTBC. A multiplex-PCR with primers JB and specific primers for the gene encoding for pyrazinimidase (pncA) was reported by Shah et al. (2002) to differentiate between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis on colonies in culture and this method could detect less than 20 pg of DNA, and this last reaction was the second applied reaction in the present work for differentiation between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis.We here present our work aiming at the detection of M. bovis mainly in retrofaryngeal lymphnode samples of bovines from a herd of Tatuí (São Paulo, Brazil) by microbiological culture, and MTBC and M. bovis specific PCR systems, and comparing the microbiological results with the positive or inconclusive results at single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) presented by these animals.Thirty bovines from a Tatuí herd in São Paulo, Southeast Brazil and with positive (> 4 mm) or inconclusive (2 to 3.9 mm) response to SICTT were taken to sanitary slaughter. We collected 42 samples composed of the retrofaryngeal lymphnodes independent of the presence or not of suggestive lesions for TB while this was perfomed for prescapular lylmphnodes, lung, and liver only when presenting characteristic lesions of TB (Table). Samples were maintained in sterile bags at 4ºC for transport to the Laboratory of Tuberculosis of Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil until futher analysis.For culturing, samples were decontaminated by means of the Pet...

95% CI:0.06, 0.96, P=0.04). Highly correlated data and low prevalence of antibodies at the animal level resulted in insufficient power to detect significant differences with other selected risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence is within the range reported for other countries.

Porcine respiratory disease complex comprises the interaction of two or more infectious agents. The major bacterial agents involved were investigated in 115 finishing pigs at a farm in São Paulo State, Brazil: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serology, bacterial culture, and multiplex PCR), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) (nested PCR), Pasteurella multocida (multiplex PCR), Haemophilus parasuis (PCR multiplex), and Streptococcus sp. (bacterial culture). Macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were evaluated, and zootechnical indices were recorded. Mhyo occurred in 113 animals (98.3%), seventeen of which were co-infected with Streptococcus sp. The finding of emphysematous lung was associated with significantly lower final and carcass weight at slaughter. Although vaccinated against Mhyo with an inactivated immunogen, almost 100% of the animals were infected. Mhyo infection with and without Streptococcus sp. co-infection was related to lung lesions of varying degrees and lower slaughter and carcass weight. ResumoO Complexo de Doenças Respiratórias em suínos (CDRS) compreende a interação de dois ou mais agentes infecciosos, manejo e ambiente. Os principais agentes bacterianos causadores de CDRS foram investigados em 115 suínos em fase de terminação em uma granja no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (sorologia por ELISA, cultivo bacteriano e PCR multiplex), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) (nested PCR), Pasteurella multocida (PCR multiplex), Haemophilus parasuis (PCR multiplex), e Streptococcus sp (cultivo bacteriano). Foram avaliadas lesões pulmonares macroscópicas e microscópicas, e impacto nos índices zootécnicos e no aproveitamento de carcaça. Houve positividade ao Mhyo em 113 animais (98,26%), destes houve infecção associada ao Streptococcus sp ao Mhyo em 14,78% (17) animais. O pulmão enfisematoso BROMBILLA, T. et al. Cienc. anim. bras., Goiânia, v.20, 1-11, e-51615, 2019 diminuiu significativamente o peso no final da terminação e o peso da carcaça. Apesar de vacinados com imunógeno inativado contra Mhyo, quase 100% dos animais estavam infectados e as lesões mais observadas foram broncopneumonia purulenta e pleurite. A infecção de Mhyo associado ou não ao Streptococcus sp causou lesões pulmonares em diferentes graus, menor peso ao abate e da carcaça.