RESUMORealizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado do Tocantins, entre fevereiro de 2002 e agosto de 2003. O Estado foi dividido em seis áreas com características produtivas homogêneas (circuitos produtores). Para cada área, foi calculada uma amostragem simples aleatória de 300 propriedades, com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de focos de brucelose além da prevalência de fêmeas bovinas adultas soropositivas. Para isso, foram amostradas de 10 a 15 vacas com idade superior a dois anos em cada propriedade. [19.3-23.1%]. When the production regions were considered, the prevalences for the regions 1, 2, 3, and 5 were: 16.0% [12.1-20.6%], 37.6% [32.1-43.4%], 26.4% [21.5-31.7%], and 29.3% [24.3-34.7%], respectively. In the regions 4 and 6, the prevalences were 5.8% [3.5-9.1%] and 8.6% [5.7-12.2%]

BackgroundDiarrhea in piglets directly affects commercial swine production. The disease results from the interaction of pathogens with the host immune system and is also affected by management procedures. Several pathogenic agents such as Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., group A rotavirus (RV-A), coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), as well as nematode and protozoan parasites, can be associated with disease cases.ResultsAll bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasitic agents here investigated, with the exception of Salmonella spp. as well as both coronaviruses, were detected in varying proportions in piglet fecal samples, and positive animals were equally distributed between case and control groups. A statistically significant difference between case and control groups was found only for Cystoisospora suis (p = 0.034) and Eimeria spp. (p = 0.047). When co-infections were evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found only for C. perfringens β2 and C. suis (p = 0.014).ConclusionsThe presence of pathogens in piglets alone does not determine the occurrence of diarrhea episodes. Thus, the indiscriminate use of antibiotic and anthelminthic medication should be re-evaluated. This study also reinforces the importance of laboratory diagnosis and correct interpretation of results as well as the relevance of control and prophylactic measures.

ABSTRACT:Peccaries and pigs, Tayassuidae and Suidae respectively, diverged approximately one million years ago from a common ancestor. Because these families share some pathogens, peccaries can act as reservoirs of infectious pathogens for domestic and wild swine. We evaluated the presence of swine infectious agents in the spleen and lung tissues of white-lipped peccaries (WLP; Tayassu pecari) and collared peccaries (CP; Pecari tajacu) in Brazil. Samples from 10 adult CP and three WLP, which had been hunted by locals or hit by motor vehicles, were obtained from two free-ranging Brazilian populations. The samples were tested by PCR for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), and porcine parvovirus (PPV). Positive samples were sequenced. Both species were negative for PPV and B. bronchiseptica and positive for PCV2 and SuHV-1. The lungs of two animals were positive for M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida. This report is the first demonstration of PCV2 and SuHV-1 swine viruses and of M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida bacteria in peccaries. One factor contributing to this detection was access to tissue samples, which is uncommon. The role of these infectious agents in peccaries is unknown and further epidemiologic studies should be performed. This study identified several infectious agents in peccaries and highlighted the importance of the tissue type used to detect pathogens.

Diagnosisto detect porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by optical and transmission electron microscopy techniques.