Background
Diabetic dyslipidemia is a complex multidimensional abnormality. However, earlier studies did not focus on the prevalence of various patterns of dyslipidemia. We categorized dyslipidemia into three groups. Single dyslipidemia (7 patterns) and mixed dyslipidemia consisted of dual (16 patterns) and triple (4 patterns) combinations of different patterns of single dyslipidemia.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 2097 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) between 2014 and 2021. We measured blood lipid profile parameters and calculated the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) using log (TG/HDL-C). We analyzed dyslipidemia as a categorical variable and expressed results as numbers and percentages. We used Chi-square or Fisher exact tests to compare categorical variables.
Results
A total of 97.81% of patients had at least one lipid abnormality. High AIP (88.0%) was the most common pattern, followed by LDL-C ≥ 70mg/dl (80.1%), and low HDL-C (58.0%). 73.87% of patients had mixed dyslipidemia. The dual combination of high AIP and LDL-C ≥ 70mg/dl was the most common pattern of mixed dyslipidemia (71.1%). Additionally, 24.7% of patients had triple combination dyslipidemia. All dyslipidemia patterns were more common among women than men, except for high AIP. In patients with T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD) history, high AIP was the most prevalent pattern of dyslipidemia (87.5%), followed by LDL ≥ 70mg/dl (68.6%). Also, the dual combination of high AIP and LDL ≥ 70mg/dl was the most common pattern of mixed dyslipidemia in patients with T2D and CAD history (60.67%).
Conclusion
This study showed that single and mixed (dual and triple combination) dyslipidemia is common among patients with T2D. High AIP and LDL-C ≥ 70mg/dl were the most common patterns, either single or combined, in patients with or without CAD.
Background
Resveratrol and omega-3 have been shown to prevent atherosclerosis. However, histopathological changes and their comparison have not been studied well. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol and omega-3 in experimental atherosclerosis of mice.
Methods
We divided sixty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice into six groups and followed for 10 weeks: (1) standard diet, (2) atherogenic diet, (3) atherogenic diet along with resveratrol from the start of the sixth week, (4) atherogenic diet along with omega-3 from the start of the sixth week, (5) standard diet along with resveratrol from the start of the sixth week, (6) standard diet along with omega-3 from the start of the sixth week.
Results
The mice fed on an atherogenic diet had a larger fat area and a thicker aortic wall thickness than mice fed on a standard diet. The use of omega-3 and resveratrol in the mice with an atherogenic diet resulted in a significantly reduced fat area (p-value = 0.003), and resveratrol had a significantly higher effect. Omega-3 or resveratrol induced a significant reduction in aortic wall thickness in mice on an atherogenic diet, and there was no significant difference between them. Among the mice with a standard diet, this study did not observe any significant changes in the fat area or the aortic wall thickness with the consumption of omega-3 or resveratrol.
Conclusions
Resveratrol and omega-3 had a regressive and therapeutic role in atherosclerosis, with a more significant effect in favor of resveratrol.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major medical challenge caused from renal
ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury connected with different cellular events in
other distant organs. Renal IR-related oxidative stress and inflammation
followed by cell apoptosis play a crucial role in IR-induced distant organ
pathological damages. Prazosin has shown protective effects against IR-injuries.
Thus, the current study intended to investigate the possible protective role of
prazosin against the consequents of renal IR in the heart and brain tissues. To
reach this goal, rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7): Sham,
IR and prazosin pretreatment-IR animals (1 mg/kg
intraperitoneally injection of prazosin 45 min before IR induction).
After 6 h reperfusion, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant markers levels
were evaluated in the both, brain and heart tissue. Moreover, apoptotic pathway
in the heart and brain tissues were assessed by western blotting. Accordingly,
prazosin pretreatment in IR model rats could significantly increase the
antioxidant capacity and attenuate apoptotic pathways by increasing the bcl-2
levels and decreasing the expression of Bax and caspase 3 enzymes
(P<0.05). Thus, prazosin suppressed cellular damages of heart and brain
tissues post kidney IR by anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, which
suggests the plausible use of prazosin in improving the clinical outcomes during
AKI after further investigations.
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