Salinity is one of the most limiting abiotic stresses in agricultural productivity. Exogenously applied antioxidants successfully enabled salt-stressed plants to cope with stress. Two-season field experiments were conducted consecutively in 2016/17 and 2017/18 to study the effects of foliar applications of singular (ascorbate, AsA; proline, Pro; and glutathione, GSH) or sequential (AsA-Pro-GSH and GSH-Pro-AsA) antioxidants on growth, yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense system of Vicia faba L. (CV. Sakha-1) plants grown under saline soil conditions (EC = 4.53 dS m−1). Under soil salinity conditions, AsA, Pro, or GSH-Pro-ASA improved growth and productivity, photosynthesis efficiency, stomatal conductance (gs), plant water status, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. However, sequential AsA-Pro-GSH foliar application followed by singular GSH significantly exceeded all other treatments (i.e., AsA, Pro, and GSH-Pro-AsA), improving growth characteristics (shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights, and leaves area), photosynthesis efficiency, stomatal conductance, plant water status, and yield and its components (green pods weight/plant−1, green pods yield/hectare−1, and seed yield/hectare−1), as well as enzymatic (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH, Pro, phenolic aglycone, phenolic glycosides) antioxidants compared to control. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that sequential AsA-Pro-GSH foliar application has a positive effect on salt-stressed Vicia faba plants.
Attempts are being made to minimize the use of synthetic chemicals such as fungicides. There is an interest toward the use of environmentally-friendly products to minimize impact of toxic residuals on human, animals, and environment. Two-season field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019to investigate the effectiveness of foliar sprayings of three products [potassium silicate (PS), perbicarbonate (PB), and peroxyacetic acid (PAA)] as singular or sequential treatments (totaling 10 treatment combinations) on growth (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area), yield, yield attributes (number of pods plant-1 , pod length, pod weight), chlorophyll a, b, and carotene contents, and resistance of okra plants (cv. Baladi) to powdery mildew disease. All treatments were significantly reduced powdery mildew infection with highest resistance observed with PAA+PS or PAA+PB, or PB+PAA treatments. Growth characteristics were enhanced by most treatments with the highest increases detected with singular PS or PAA treatments and with sequential PB+PS treatment. PS was superior in increasing the number of leaves, branching number, and leaf areas. The only treatments that significantly increased total yield were PAA+PB, PAA, PS, PS+PAA, and PAA+PS with the former two treatments giving the highest total yield. In conclusion, foliar spraying of okra with singular or sequential treatments with PS, PAA, and PB significantly improved plant resistance to powdery mildew infection. Nevertheless, singular PS or PAA treatments as well as sequential PB+PS, PAA+PS, PS+PAA, and PAA+PB treatments were the most effective in improving growth and yield while controlling powdery mildew disease.
Successful seed production depends on the variety, the environment, and the agricultural practices. Limited information is available on the effects of green podpicking treatments on the production of seeds. Therefore, two-season field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to study the effects of four green fruit picking treatments (no green fruit picking 'T1', first two pickings 'T2', first 4 pickings 'T3', and first 6 pickings 'T4') and six varieties (Pusa Sawani 'V1', Emerald 'V2', Eskandarany 'V3', Baladi Assiut 'V4', Beghera Iraqi 'V5', and NOKH-1002 "F1 hybrid okra 'V6') on okra growth and seed yield and quality. The results of the experiment showed that okra plants of T1, followed by those treated with T2 had higher number of dry pods/plant, weight of pods/plant, and seed weight (kg/feddan), seed vitamin C, and pH in both seasons. Plants of T3 were significantly taller than T1 in both seasons. There were differential responses of the studied varieties to the picking treatments. Plants of 'Eskandarany' with no pickings, followed by 'Emerald' with two pickings always had higher number of dry pods, weight of pods/plant, and seed weight (kg/feddan). We can conclude that okra plants with no green fruit picking, as compared to two, four, and six fruit pickings, can be the best option for seed production due to the observed higher number of dry pods, weight of pods/plant, seed yield and quality.
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Cardiovascular manifestations are common in SLE, which may have a wide range of severity and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases. One of the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is DM, which is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients. Aim of the Work: evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis as a predictor for CVD in patients with SLE and DM. Methods: 50 SLE patients, 50 T2DM patients, 50 diabetic SLE patients and 50 healthy controlled subjects were enrolled in this study. They were undergone to Doppler examination of the extra-cranial portion of the carotid and femoral arteries measuring the intima-media thickness. Result: In SLE the subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 22% of patients and was significantly associated with older age (p˂0,001), high blood pressure (p=0,023), overweight (p=0,004), proteinuria (p˂0,001), total cholesterol (p=0,004), active disease (p=0,007), high SLEDAI score (p˂0,001) and long duration of SLE (p˂0,001); whereas in diabetic patients the subclinical atherosclerosis was documented in 24% and was significantly associated with older age (p˂0,001), overweight (p˂0,001), proteinuria (p˂0,001), low hemoglobin (p=0,041), total cholesterol (p=0,001), LDL (p˂0,001), uncontrolled diabetes (p=0,005) and long duration of diabetes (p=0,001) but in SLE diabetic patients the subclinical atherosclerosis was documented in 44% of patients. Conclusion: Subclinical atherosclerosis is frequent in patients with SLE and increases with increased disease activity. Subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE diabetic patients was significantly more than that in SLE or diabetic patients.
Intercropping system has been reported to enhance quality and yield obtained per unit area. Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess the impact of intercropping of Zucchini or broad beans with strawberry and also, intercropping (IC) Zucchini with broad beans on growth, quality, yield and the economic viability of the studied crops in the mixed IC, compared to the mono-cropping of these crops. A field experiment was carried out during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. According to results of this study, intercropping of strawberry with broad beans achieved significantly the highest levels of anthocyanin content in strawberry fruits compared to the other treatments in both seasons. Maximum yield of strawberry crop was obtained from sole cropping as well as that obtained from strawberry-broad beans intercropping. Intercropping of Zucchini with broad beans resulted in significantly higher yields of both crops as compared with their sole cropping. Yield of broad bean and Zucchini increased by 18.1% and 26.9% respectively as compared with their sole cropping which indicate yielding efficiency enhancement as a result of intercropping. Land equivalent ratio (LER) of strawberry-Zucchini intercropping was, on average 1.2 for both years. Whereas, with regard to strawberry-broad beans intercropping was, on average for 1.3 for both years, while it was 2.45 when Intercropping Zucchini with broad bean. Intercropping Zucchini with broad bean gave the highest relative yield for both of them compared with the other treatments and also, the highest monetary advantage index (MAI).
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