ABSTRACT. Theobroma cacao L. contains more than 500 different chemical compounds some of which have been traditionally used for their antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, vasodilatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Spontaneous aerobic fermentation of cacao husks yields a crude husk extract (CHE) with antimicrobial activity. CHE was fractioned by solvent partition with polar solvent extraction or by silica gel chromatography and a total of 12 subfractions were analyzed for chemical composition and bioactivity. CHE was effective against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa. Antibacterial activity was determined using 6 strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella choleraesuis (Gram-negative). At doses up to 10 mg/mL, CHE was not effective against the Gram-positive bacteria tested but against medically important P. aeruginosa and S. choleraesuis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/mL. Sub-fractions varied widely in activity and strongest antibacterial activity was seen with CHE8 against S. choleraesuis (MIC of 1.0 mg/mL) and CHE9 against S. epidermidis (MIC of 2.5 mg/mL). All bioactive CHE fractions contained phenols, steroids, or terpenes, but no saponins. Fraction CHE9 contained flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and terpenes, amino acids, and alkaloids, while CHE12 had the same compounds but lacked flavonoids.
Reverse phase-solid phase extraction from Cassia alata leaves (CaRP) was used to obtain a refined extract. Higher than wild-type sensitivity to CaRP was exhibited by 16 haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with defects in DNA repair and membrane transport. CaRP had a strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 2.27 μg mL−1 and showed no pro-oxidant activity in yeast. CaRP compounds were separated by HPLC and the three major components were shown to bind to DNA in vitro. The major HPLC peak was identified as kampferol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (astragalin), which showed high affinity to DNA as seen by HPLC-UV measurement after using centrifugal ultrafiltration of astragalin-DNA mixtures. Astragalin-DNA interaction was further studied by spectroscopic methods and its interaction with DNA was evaluated using solid-state FTIR. These and computational (in silico) docking studies revealed that astragalin-DNA binding occurs through interaction with G-C base pairs, possibly by intercalation stabilized by H-bond formation.
_____________________________________________________________________________O uso de plantas medicinais cada vez mais é mostrado como uma fonte alternativa para tratamento de doenças. Este trabalho visou determinar o nível genotóxico e citotóxico da infusão das folhas de Spondias purpurea L., investigar o potencial antimicrobiano e conhecer o perfil cromatográfico de compostos presentes na infusão. Foram realizados os testes Allium cepa e Artemia salina para avaliar a genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade, respectivamente. Os métodos de difusão em disco e concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foram usados para determinar a atividade antibacteriana nas bactérias Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica sorotipo Choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella pneumoniae. No teste de A. cepa, a análise estatística não indicou diferenças significativas do índice mitótico entre os tratamentos e o controle. O teste de A. salina mostrou que a infusão apresentou toxicidade frente aos náuplios a partir da dose 10µg/mL. Em relação à atividade antibacteriana, houve presença de halos de inibição contra as bactérias S. aureus e E. coli, e quando submetidos ao CIM, a infusão apresentou atividade antibacteriana contra todas as bactérias testadas. Sendo assim, a partir desse estudo pode-se inferir que a infusão (chá) das folhas da planta S. purpurea se mostrou como uma fonte medicinal não genotóxica para o teste A. cepa, bem como uma possível fonte antitumoral indicada pelo teste A. salina, além de uma promissora fonte antibacteriana.Palavras-chaves: Genotoxicidade, Antimicrobiana, Seriguela.The use of medicinal plants is increasingly shown as an alternative source for the treatment of diseases. This study aimed to determine the level genotoxic and cytotoxic infusion of the leaves of Spondias purpurea L., study the antimicrobial potential and know the chromatographic profile of the compounds present in the infusion. Tests were performed Allium cepa and Artemia salina to assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. The disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) they were used to determine the antibacterial activity in bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella pneumoniae. On test A. cepa, statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in mitotic index between treatment and control. The test of A. salina showed that infusion toxicity has opposite from the nauplii dose 10mg / ml. With regard to antibacterial activity, there was the presence of halos of inhibition against the bacteria S. aureus e E. coli, and when subjected to MIC infusion showed antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. Thus, from this study can be inferred that the infusions (tea) from the plant leaves S. purpurea showed as a non-genotoxic medicinal source for testing A. cepa, as well as a possible antitumor source indicated by the test A. salina, as well as a promising anti...
8 Revista Fitos, Rio de Janeiro, 2018; 12(1): 8-17 | e-ISSN: 2446-4775 | www.revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e anti-Helicobacter pylori in vitro de extratos de plantas medicinais utilizadas popularmente na região amazônica ARTIGO DE PESQUISA ETNOCIÊNCIAS Avaliação da qualidade de amostras comerciais de chás na cidade de Vitória da Conquista-Bahia Quality evaluation of commercial samples teas of the Bahia in the city of Vitoria da Conquista -Bahia Resumo Análises que comprovem a qualidade de manejo, produção e armazenamento dos chás comercializados são importantes para a saúde da população, pois garantem aos usuários um produto com boas condições físicas e biológicas, além de fornecer informações que contribuam para o uso correto, seguro e eficaz. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de amostras comerciais de chás na cidade de Vitória da Conquista -Bahia, pela análise microbiológica, presença de impurezas e análise de rótulo. Foram analisados chás de espécies vegetais como Peptadenia macrocarpa, Myracrodrum urundeuva, Ziziphus joazeiro, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis e Matricaria recutita. Pelas análises microbiológicas não se pôde determinar a seguridade dos chás para o consumo, uma vez que, houve contradição entre os valores de referências adotados. Na análise de rótulos, os resultados mostraram que nenhuma amostra apresentou todos os requisitos exigidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária-ANVISA. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a falta de informações básicas necessárias ao consumidor, ficando evidente a necessidade de uma fiscalização mais rigorosa e efetiva por parte da Vigilância Sanitária para essas empresas que processam e embalam esses produtos naturais. Palavras-chave: Análises microbiológicas. Chás. Controle de qualidade. Rótulos e embalagens de plantas. AbstractAnalyzes that prove the quality of management, production and storage of teas marketed are important to the health of the population, because they guarantee users a product with good physical and biological conditions, and provide information for the correct, safe and effective use. This study evaluated the quality of teas commercialized in Vitória da Conquista -Bahia, by microbiological analysis, the presence of impurities and label analysis. Teas were analyzed of the plant species Peptadenia macrocarpa, Myracrodrum urundeuva, Ziziphus joazeiro, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis and Matricaria recutita. The microbiological analysis was unable to determine the security of teas for consumption since 9 Revista Fitos, Rio de Janeiro, 2018; 12(1): 8-17 | e-ISSN: 2446-4775 | www.revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br Avaliação da qualidade de amostras comerciais de chás na cidade de Vitória da there was a conflict between the values adopted references. In the analysis of labels, the results showed that none had all the requirements of the ANVISA. The results showed the lack of basic information necessary for the consumer, getting a clear need for a more rigorous and effective oversight by the Healt...
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