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Industrial effluents are sewage from industrial processes, such as polluted cooling waters and waters used for cleaning. It is extremely important that these contaminated waters undergo treatment to allow for water reuse or safe disposal, without damage to the environment. In the present work, the efficacy of coagulating/flocculating aqueous solutions containing reactive black 5 (RB5) dye was evaluated using protein fractions derived from Moringa oleifera seeds (albumin and globulin) as natural coagulants functionalized with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The application of a magnetic field during sedimentation allowed for faster settlement of the dye particles and their separation. Variations in parameters such as the protein concentration, nanoparticle concentration, solution pH, dye concentration, and the presence or absence of an alkalizing agent were assessed. Moreover, the sedimentation time was analyzed with and without the magnetic field and with the reuse of iron oxide nanoparticles. The functionalized magnetic coagulants were able to remove more than 90 % of RB5 dye within 5 min of sedimentation. Figure 11. Influence of the presence of an alkalizing agent (concentration of AlbFe (a): 115 mg L À1 ; concentration of GloFe (b): 200 mg L À1 ; pH: 6; and dye concentration: 20 mg L À1 ).

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RESUMO: O processo de industrialização do frango demanda uma elevada quantidade de água potável em decorrência dos vários procedimentos utilizados, assim este efluente contém uma elevada carga de matéria orgânica e sólidos, necessitando de tratamentos adequados para poder, por fim, ser disposto no corpo hídrico receptor. Este efluente deve atender aos parâmetros exigidos pelo Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) para não causar prejuízos irreparáveis ao meio ambiente. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros físico-químicos, como pH, DBO 5 , DQO, nitrogênio e fósforo, e microbiológicos para a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, de efluentes provenientes de abatedouro avícola. Foram coletadas duas amostras por mês no período da tarde durante 06 meses para o sistema de entrada (primeira lagoa de tratamento -lagoa anaeróbica) e para o sistema de saída (última lagoa -lagoa de polimento). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que não houve uma remoção adequada para a carga microbiana quando comparados os valores de entrada e saída do sistema de tratamento. E nas análises físico-químicas, mesmo apresentando uma taxa de remoção superior a 90%, não atingiu os valores máximos permitidos pela legislação ambiental para o lançamento do efluente no corpo hídrico receptor, demonstrando que o abatedouro avícola em questão necessita de uma estruturação de seu sistema de lagoas de tratamento para que não degrade o corpo hídrico receptor. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Efluente Avícola; Parâmetros Físico-químico e Microbiológico; Sistema de Lagoa de Tratamento.

The present study was conducted to impregnate the surface of a carbon of vegetable origin with copper nanoparticles by the green synthesis method with the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa flowers, rich in phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the reduction and impregnation of metal nanoparticles. Batch adsorption assays were conducted aimed at nitrate removal with pure (GAC) and impregnated (IGAC) carbon, for comparative purposes. It was found that impregnation increases the efficiency of the carbon by four times in terms of the maximum adsorption capacity, which was 10.13 mg g at 45°C for GAC and 45.01 mg g at 15°C for IGAC, indicating that this is a promising material for the removal of nitrate in waters with an excess of this ion.

The removal of reactive black 5 (RB5) dye present in aqueous solution was studied by applying individual coagulation/flocculation (CF) and microfiltration (MF) processes as well as the combination of both processes (CF‐MF). In the CF process, three natural coagulants produced from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds (MOS) were used: saline extract (ES) and the purified protein fractions of albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO). In the MF process, a commercial polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used. It was noticed that without the combination of both processes, the obtained RB5 removal was only 20.38% for ALB, 52.38% for GLO, and 12.50% for ES. However, when the CF process was combined with a microfiltration process, it was possible to achieve a higher textile dye removal, due to the formation of aggregates in the CF process larger than the pores of the microfiltration membrane. Especially with the ALB coagulant, the combined CF‐MF process achieved a removal greater than 95%. The results demonstrate the potential use of the purified proteins fractions of Moringa oleifera Lam. coagulant in combination with microfiltration process for water treatment.