No abstract

As the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic spreads rapidly, there is need for a diagnostic test with high accuracy to detect infected individuals especially those without symptoms. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a common molecular test for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. If some factors are not taken into consideration when performing this test, it can have a relatively large number of false negative results. In this article, we discuss important considerations that could lead to false negative test reduction. Key words: • SARS-CoV-2 • COVID-19 • Real time polymerase chain reaction • RT-PCR test • Diagnosis • False negatives • Genetics • Emerging disease   Copyright © 2020 Bahreini et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

Abnormal expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs), as regulators of biological signaling pathways, has a strong association with cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The let‐7 family of miRNAs as tumor suppressors have shown to be downregulated in different types of human malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological function of let‐7 members in the processes of resistance to radiation in CRC has not yet been completely elucidated. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) signaling pathway is amplified in CRC and leads to its progression, development, and also radiation resistance. So, it seems like an attractive target for anticancer therapy. In this study, by using bioinformatics analysis, it has been revealed that IGF‐1R is a direct target of the let‐7e member. Consistent with this, we identified that increased levels of let‐7e in CRC cells reduced IGF‐1R protein level and subsequently its downstream signaling pathways, which resulted in the G1 cell cycle arrest and a significant reduction in the proliferation, survival and also resistance to radiation of CRC cells. Altogether, these results suggested that let‐7e by targeting the IGF‐1R signaling pathway might serve as therapeutics in anticancer therapy.

In light of the MSCs' high capability of proliferation and multilineage differentiation as well as their significant role in modulating immunity, these cells can be used in combination with tissue engineering techniques. Moreover, the MSCs' secretions can be used in cell therapy to heal many types of wounds. The combination of MSCs and PRP aids wound healing which could potentially be used to promote wound healing.

Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism. From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.

Introduction:Bone metabolic disease is an important issue in newborns with very low birth weight. The 80 percent of the transport of calcium (Ca) and phosphor (P) from mother to fetus takes place in the third trimester of pregnancy. This transport process is impaired with the preterm delivery of the newborn. On the other side, breast milk and formula are not competent resources to supply sufficient amounts of Ca and P to meet the requirements of the preterm newborn, thereby a greater reduction in the storage of these minerals. The current study has been done with the purpose of comparing the effects of two feeding methods on the indices of metabolic bone disease in newborns with very low birth weights (VLBW).Materials and Methods:The study design was cohort and the study was done on a total of 58 newborns with very low birth weights in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The newborns were divided into two groups with 29 placed in the group of alternate feeding on preterm formula (preNan) and the other 29 placed in the group of breast milk and preterm formula (preNan). Eventually, the indices of bone metabolic disease were measured in both groups and were statistically analyzed.Results:The difference between the mean serum levels of Ca in different weeks and also between the two groups were significant (p=0.001). However, the changes in mean serum level of P in the two groups were not significant (P=0.151). The comparison of serum levels of alkaline phosphatase between the two groups indicated that their difference was significant and that they had been influenced by the feeding method (P=0.001). The serum level of bicarbonate, when compared between the two groups, was found to make a significant difference (P=0.001). The difference between the two feeding methods in precipitating rickets and osteopenia was not significant.Conclusion:According to the findings of current study, feeding on preterm formula (preNan) is associated with better and more desirable results, though the occurrence of rickets in the two groups had no significant difference.

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a well-known nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that performs several cellular functions such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling, genomic stability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. NPM1 has been identified to be necessary for normal cellular functions, and its altered regulation by overexpression, mutation, translocation, loss of function, or sporadic deletion can lead to cancer and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the gene and protein structure of NPM1 and its physiological roles. Finally, we discuss the association of NPM1 with various types of cancer including solid tumors and leukemia.

No abstract