Pre-conditioning of MSCs with ATRA increased efficacy of cell therapy by activation of survival signalling pathways, trophic factors and release of pro-angiogenic molecules.

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a well-known nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that performs several cellular functions such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling, genomic stability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. NPM1 has been identified to be necessary for normal cellular functions, and its altered regulation by overexpression, mutation, translocation, loss of function, or sporadic deletion can lead to cancer and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the gene and protein structure of NPM1 and its physiological roles. Finally, we discuss the association of NPM1 with various types of cancer including solid tumors and leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the first cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treat it. Stem cell-based therapies as a regeneration strategy cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. METHODS: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. RESULTS: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the most common gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. Due to the presence of populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that cause recurrence, the possibility of cancer treatment is very low. The aim of current study was to evaluate the inhibitory role of miR-200c on EMT, CSCs markers and β-catenin in HCT-116 and SW48 cell lines. The expression of miR-200c, EMT-related genes, CSCs markers, and β-catenin were quantified by qRT-PCR. Further, expression of β-catenin and EMT-related proteins, and migration were analyzed by Western blot, and migration assay kit, respectively. Spheroid formation assay was used to enrich colorectal CSCs from colorectal cancer cell lines. LNA-anti-miR-200c suppressed the endogenous miR-200c in transfected cells compared with the control. qRT PCR and Western blot analysis of LNA-anti-miR-200c transfected cells revealed a considerable increase in CSCs markers, vimentin, ZEB-1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin expression, with a concomitant reduction in E-cadherin expression level. Migration and sphere forming ability of HCT-116 and SW48 cells increased in transfected cells. The results of current study revealed that downregulation of miR-200c may be an important factor for the overexpression of CSCs markers and EMT related genes via β-catenin upregulation in CRC.