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These observations indicate that miR-222 and miR-155 could induce radiation resistance in colorectal cancer by targeting PTEN and FOXO3a genes, respectively. Therefore, miR-222 and miR-155 can be suggested as good biomarkers of CRC radiation response.

Objective: Fatigue associated with malignant conditions and their treatments is a disabling condition. This trial assessed the anti-fatigue effects of melatonin coadministration during adjuvant treatment of patients with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: Patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive melatonin or placebo during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thirty-seven patients were randomly enrolled in each group. The mean ages of patients in the intervention and control groups were 50.47 ± 10.79 and 46.05 ± 10.55 years, respectively ( P = .223). The intervention group received oral melatonin (18 mg/day) from 1 week before until 1 month after the adjuvant radiotherapy. The level of fatigue was assessed before and after intervention using Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) in both groups. To analyze data, the Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test were used at a significance level of P ≤ .05. Results: The BFI score was similar before the intervention in both groups, however, after the intervention, it was significantly lower in the melatonin group ( P < .001). Moreover, the frequency of severe fatigue in the melatonin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group after intervention (42.1% vs 83.3%, P < .001). Conclusion: Coadministration of melatonin during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy of women with breast cancer decreased the levels of fatigue associated with the malignant condition and its treatments.

Abnormal expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs), as regulators of biological signaling pathways, has a strong association with cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The let‐7 family of miRNAs as tumor suppressors have shown to be downregulated in different types of human malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological function of let‐7 members in the processes of resistance to radiation in CRC has not yet been completely elucidated. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) signaling pathway is amplified in CRC and leads to its progression, development, and also radiation resistance. So, it seems like an attractive target for anticancer therapy. In this study, by using bioinformatics analysis, it has been revealed that IGF‐1R is a direct target of the let‐7e member. Consistent with this, we identified that increased levels of let‐7e in CRC cells reduced IGF‐1R protein level and subsequently its downstream signaling pathways, which resulted in the G1 cell cycle arrest and a significant reduction in the proliferation, survival and also resistance to radiation of CRC cells. Altogether, these results suggested that let‐7e by targeting the IGF‐1R signaling pathway might serve as therapeutics in anticancer therapy.

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