The fish industry generates high volume of waste from fish oil that can have the extraction of its lipids used as nutraceuticals and foods. The objective of this study was to produce unsaturated fatty acids from industrialized fish oil by means of a differentiated hydrolysis process. The samples used were crude fish oil obtained from Campestre industry and characterized through physicalchemical parameters, according to ADCS: acidity, peroxide, saponification, iodine and percentage of free fatty acids and also obtained the fatty acid profile through derivatization method for gas chromatography. The results obtained for the oleochemical indices for refined oil were similar to the data found on the literature. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found of 32,78%, with 9,12% of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and 10,36% of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), regarding monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was of 30,59% in the hydrolyzed fish oil in relation to refined (20,06%). Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrolysis process used for oils from fish-waste was satisfactory on the production of absolute yield of lipids in the process and significant preservation on the percentages of EPA and DHA, interesting on the production of nutraceuticals and nutrition of aquatic animals, including shrimp in captivity.
We describe a new species of Phyllanthus, currently known only from the Serra de Baturité mountains in Ceará State, Brazil, a region of predominantly dense ombrophilous forests. Phyllanthus carmenluciae is quite distinct from other species of the genus, and is therefore considered supreme, and is also named to honor the current president of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF), Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha. This species is characterized by having pubescent cylindrical branches, a mucronate leaf apex, inflorescences in bisexual cymules, with two proximal staminate flowers and two distal pistillate flowers, and anthers sagittate with vertical clefts. We present information concerning ecological aspects of the species, geographic distribution, affinities with other species of Phyllanthus, photographs, and its conservation status.
Biosynthesized from very long-chain fatty acid wax precursors, n-alkanes m a k e a valuable contribution to the taxonomy of plants . Th e a l k a n e c o m p o n e n t s of foliar epicuticles of seven Neotropical s p e c i e s o f Lecythidaceae were investigated: Bertholletia excelsa, Cariniana legalis, Couroupita guianensis, Eschweilera alvimii, Eschweilera ovata, Gustavia augusta and Lecythis pisonis. Specimens were collected in the metropolitan area of Recife, Pernambuco, and their n-alkane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography. Th e chemical relationships among the species were then evaluated using cophenetic correlation and UPGMA. Among the seven species, a total of 15 n-alkanes, with 21-35 carbon atoms, were identifi ed and formed a consistent group of B. excelsa, C. guianensis, E. ovata, G. augusta, and L. pisonis with n-C31. Th e greatest similarities were found between B. excelsa and L. pisonis, and between C. guianensis and G. augusta. Nevertheless, a phenetic analysis based on a larger number of species is needed to better understand the chemotaxonomic value of epicuticular n-alkanes within the Lecythidaceae.
Resumo Apresentamos o levantamento florístico-taxônomico das espécies de Symplocaceae para o estado do Ceará, como parte do projeto “Flora do Ceará: conhecer para conservar”. O estudo foi baseado na análise comparativa dos caracteres morfológicos de espécimes depositados nos Herbários ALCB, EAC, HUVA, IPA, R e UPCB, bibliografias especializadas e imagens de coleções-tipo. Para o estado foram registradas três espécies de Symplocos: S. guianensis, S. nitens e, possivelmente, S. oblongifolia. No entanto, por falta de material reprodutivo não foi confirmada a identificação do último táxon. As espécies ocorrem em vegetação de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Savana. Symplocos nitens é uma nova ocorrência para o Ceará e foi registrada em duas Unidades de Conservação no estado.
Gustavia augusta L., conhecida popularmente como jeniparana, é uma espécie arbórea neotropical, que ocorre nas florestas Atlântica e Amazônica. Considerando-se a abundância dessa espécie na floresta Atlântica e a fragilidade e fragmentação desse ecossistema, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar seus frutos, sementes, germinação e plântulas, acrescentando informações para subsidiar estudos sobre sua conservação e utilização. Os frutos maduros foram coletados em fragmentos de floresta Atlântica, no município de Paulista, PE. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises morfológicas e biométricas dos frutos, sementes e plântulas da espécie. O fruto de G. augusta é um pixídio globoso, anfissarcídio, pentalocular, indeiscente. A semente é exalbuminosa, estenospérmica, trisseriada, bitegumentada e a massa de cem sementes desse lote foi de 47,95 g. A germinação da espécie é do tipo hipógea, com o tegumento aderido aos cotilédones na fase inicial do crescimento da plântula, que tem início a partir do quinto dia após a semeadura, em condições de laboratório. O tempo médio e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) foram de 14 dias e 0,87, respectivamente. A plântula com 40 dias apresenta todas as estruturas, sendo classificada no tipo morfofuncional fanerohipógeo-armazenador (PHR).
Introduction:In the child's first year of life, motor development is critical for the other areas of child development. Beliefs and parenting practices influence the parents' care and encouragement of their children, reflecting in their motor development; however, the Brazilian literature on this subject is scarce. Objective: to characterize the parental practices and beliefs associated with motor development in the first year of life; and to verify if practices and beliefs are interrelated. Methods: Two questionnaires were developed and applied, one about parenting practices and the other about parental beliefs on motor development in the first year life, to 27 caregivers of children between 12 and 24 months of age, who participated in an aquatic stimulation program. The agreement between practices and beliefs was verified by a graphical method, based on the transformation of ordinal scores to an interval scale using Rasch analysis. Results: The participants had higher levels of education and economic status. They reported a variety of practices focused on the motor development of their children, such as family interaction through playing, toy offers, lap time and free movement space. Conclusion: Most of the practices were based on parental beliefs, for some activities, however, beliefs and practices diverged, demonstrating the complexity inherent to the formation of parental beliefs.
HighlightsWe investigated the effect of P. nattereri venom on the isolated perfused kidney.We study the mechanism of cytotoxicity of venom on renal epithelial cells.We demonstrated P. nattereri venom is composed for 86.3% of proteins.The venom of is capable of changing the kidney functional parameters.
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