The fish industry generates high volume of waste from fish oil that can have the extraction of its lipids used as nutraceuticals and foods. The objective of this study was to produce unsaturated fatty acids from industrialized fish oil by means of a differentiated hydrolysis process. The samples used were crude fish oil obtained from Campestre industry and characterized through physicalchemical parameters, according to ADCS: acidity, peroxide, saponification, iodine and percentage of free fatty acids and also obtained the fatty acid profile through derivatization method for gas chromatography. The results obtained for the oleochemical indices for refined oil were similar to the data found on the literature. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found of 32,78%, with 9,12% of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and 10,36% of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), regarding monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was of 30,59% in the hydrolyzed fish oil in relation to refined (20,06%). Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrolysis process used for oils from fish-waste was satisfactory on the production of absolute yield of lipids in the process and significant preservation on the percentages of EPA and DHA, interesting on the production of nutraceuticals and nutrition of aquatic animals, including shrimp in captivity.

No abstract

The evaluation of filtration methods on the yield and oleochemicals characteristics on the crude fish oil from the soapstock of marine fish for purposes of nutrition has been conducted in this work. The analytical properties of the crude and the neutralized oil with three excesses of sodium hydroxide (NaDH, 20%, 40% and 60%) were carried out on two different ways with organza and the "glass wool". The neutralization of the oil brought about a notable improvement in the analytical properties of the oil. Thus, it leads to a high quality fish oil in terms of taste, colour, odours, shelf life and market value. Based on the improved characteristics of the oil, it could be suitable for applications in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and immobilized in Immobead was utilized in the transesterification of Nile tilapia’s oil. The oil was obtained using the rejects of the farming process of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). The transesterification process was optimized using factorial experimental design. Quantity of the enzyme, molar ratio of methanol/oil, temperature, and co-solvent were the parameters evaluated. The response selected for optimization was biodiesel yield (%). The success of the reaction using optimized conditions was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen. The physicochemical properties determined for Nile tilapia’s biodiesel were in accordance with international standards. An enzyme concentration of 20%, a 6/1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a temperature of 33.5 °C, and toluene as a co-solvent were found as optimized parameters. The statistical data suggested the co-solvent as a factor which explains a possible deactivation of the enzyme by the addition of alcohol.

Realizou-se, em sete cães adultos, o autotransplante renal esquerdo associado à nefrectomia contralateral para avaliação da técnica de ureteroneocistostomia extravesical modificada pela sondagem ureterovesical peroperatória. Durante a sutura do ureter na bexiga, foi mantida uma sonda uretral na região da anastomose ureterovesical, o que facilitou a realização da técnica cirúrgica e permitiu a confecção de anastomose de diâmetro adequado. A avaliação do rim transplantado e do ureter correspondente foi feita mediante ultra-sonografia a cada sete dias durante as seis primeiras semanas de pós-operatório, período em que também se fez o exame clínico diário de todos os animais. No último dia (42º) da avaliação a curto prazo, realizou-se a urografia excretora. Em seguida, manteve-se acompanhamento clínico periódico dos sete cães por um período mínimo de quatro meses, sem que fosse detectada qualquer alteração digna de nota. A técnica de reconstrução do trato urinário utilizada mostrou-se eficiente, não se observando nenhuma complicação urológica no pós-operatório de todos os animais.