ResumoEste estudo consiste no levantamento florístico de Combretaceae ocorrentes no estado do Ceará, como parte do projeto "Flora do Ceará". O estudo foi baseado na análise comparativa dos caracteres morfológicos de espécimes depositados em herbários, bibliografia, fotos de materiais-tipo, além de coletas e observações de campo. Foram registradas 17 espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros: Buchenavia (2); Combretum (9); Conocarpus (1); Laguncularia (1) e Terminalia (4). As espécies ocorrem preferencialmente em ambientes mais secos como caatinga, carrasco e floresta estacional. Palavras-chave: distribuição, florística, Combretum, nordeste do Brasil, Terminalia. AbstractWe present the floristic survey of Combretaceae occurring in the Ceará state, as part of "Flora do Ceará" project. This study was based on the comparative analysis of morphological characters of herbarium specimens, bibliography, photo-type material, along with collections and field observations. Seventeen species in five genera were recorded: Buchenavia (2); Combretum (9); Conocarpus (1); Laguncularia (1) e Terminalia (4). The species occurs preferentially in drier habitats like the caatinga, carrasco and deciduous forest.

ResumoCapparaceae compreende 25 gêneros e aproximadamente 500 espécies de ampla distribuição no mundo, ocorrendo especialmente nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, estando bem representada em florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas. No Brasil, ocorrem 12 gêneros e 28 espécies, das quais 12 são endêmicas. Os representantes de Capparaceae são plantas lenhosas, com folhas simples ou 3-folioladas (Crateva), flores com ovário elevado por um ginóforo exserto e fruto carnoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as espécies de Capparaceae ocorrentes no Ceará e mostrar sua distribuição no estado, visando contribuir para o conhecimento e entendimento da flora local. O estudo foi baseado na análise de amostras obtidas durante expedições a campo, coleções pertencentes aos herbários EAC, HUEFS, HVASF, IPA e UFRN, bibliografias e fotografias de tipos. A Flora de Capparaceae do Ceará é composta por cinco espécies: Capparidastrum frondosum, Crateva tapia, Cynophalla flexuosa, Cynophalla hastata e Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium. Esse estudo apresenta chave de identificação, descrições, comentários sobre aspectos ecológicos e fenológicos, mapas de distribuição e ilustrações dos táxons. Palavras-chave: taxonomia, florística, distribuição, Nordeste do Brasil. AbstractCapparaceae comprises 25 genera and approximately 500 species, having worldwide distribution, but occurring especially in tropical and subtropical regions and being well represented in seasonally dry tropical forests. In Brazil, there are 12 genera and 28 species, twelve of which are endemic. Species of Capparaceae are woody plants with simple leaves or 3-foliolate (Crateva); flowers having an exsert gynophore and succulent fruits. This study aims to describe the species of Capparaceae occurring in Ceará and map their distribution within the state, thus contributing to the understanding of the local flora. This study was based on the analysis of specimens obtained during field work, material available from the herbaria EAC, HUEFS, HVASF, IPA and UFRN, and examination of bibliography and types. Five species were recorded: Capparidastrum frondosum, Crateva tapia, Cynophalla flexuosa, Cynophalla hastata and Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium. Identification key, descriptions, comments about ecology, phenology, maps and illustrations of each species are provided.

Although the conservation of tropical biodiversity depends on protected areas, there is still a very large 'gap' of knowledge on the flora of Brazilian reserves, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. Field and herbarium surveys of the phanerogamic flora of the Ubajara National Park, located on the Brazilian Northeast, were made and analyses on phenology and dispersal syndromes were performed. 418 taxa (213 trees and shrubs, 100 terrestrial herbs, 68 climbing plants, 33 sub-shrubs, two epiphytes, one hemiparasite and one aquatic herb) were recorded. The most representative families were: Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The annual flowering / fruiting peak hypothesis was not fully confirmed, therefore, the forest may be an important food resource for the fauna all year long (especially in the moister region). Zoochory was the predominant dispersal syndrome in the moister area, whereas, autochory and anemochory together, predominated in the drier area.

Tarenaya clade includes 37 species based on phylogenetic relationships and on the stipular spine synapomorphy, however only 10 species thought to belong to the genus have had names established in Tarenaya. Besides the two new species are being described, we present 25 new combinations for the species and refine the typification of 13 species. Ten lectotypes and three neotypes are designated here. One generic synonym is also typified.

We describe a new species of Phyllanthus, currently known only from the Serra de Baturité mountains in Ceará State, Brazil, a region of predominantly dense ombrophilous forests. Phyllanthus carmenluciae is quite distinct from other species of the genus, and is therefore considered supreme, and is also named to honor the current president of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF), Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha. This species is characterized by having pubescent cylindrical branches, a mucronate leaf apex, inflorescences in bisexual cymules, with two proximal staminate flowers and two distal pistillate flowers, and anthers sagittate with vertical clefts. We present information concerning ecological aspects of the species, geographic distribution, affinities with other species of Phyllanthus, photographs, and its conservation status.

ResumoO presente estudo consiste no levantamento florístico-taxonômico das espécies de Capparaceae para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Nordeste do Brasil. Foram registrados cinco gêneros e seis espécies: Capparidastrum (1 sp.); Crateva (1 sp.); Cynophalla (2 spp.); Mesocapparis (1 sp.) e Neocalyptrocalyx (1 sp.). As espécies ocorrem com maior frequência em Caatinga sensu lato e em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Capparidastrum frondosum e Mesocapparis lineata são novas ocorrências, esta última restrita a uma única localidade no estado. São apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação para as espécies e ilustrações. Palavras-chave: Brassicales, taxonomia, flora, Cynophalla, Região Nordeste. AbstractThis study consists in the floristic-taxonomic survey of the Capparaceae species in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Northeastern Brazil. Five genera and six species of Capparaceae were registered: Capparidastrum (1 sp.); Crateva (1 sp.); Cynophalla (2 sp.); Mesocapparis (1 sp.) and Neocalyptrocalyx (1 sp.). The species occur more frequently in vegetation of Caatinga sensu lato and in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Capparidastrum frondosum and Mesocapparis lineata are new records for the state, with last one being restricted to a single locality. Descriptions, identification key for species, illustrations and images are presented.

The family Cleomaceae is represented in the Neotropics by nine native lineages, with some of them currently recognized as distinct genera and others in need of clear delimitation. We present here a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the New World Cleomaceae with a more comprehensive sampling, including samples of 62 species with emphasis on Tarenaya and based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA matK and ndhF. Six clades are supported: (1) a new clade comprising Cleome tenuis and Physostemon humilis; and five other previously identified clades: (2) the Dactylaena clade, including the monophyletic Dactylaena and the paraphyletic Physostemon and Mitostylis; (3) the Andean clade, comprising Andinocleome and Podandrogyne; (4) the Melidiscus clade; (5) the Cleoserrata clade, and (6) the Tarenaya clade; the last three corresponding to genera with the same name. The lineage comprising C. tenuis and P. humilis is strongly supported by morphological and molecular datasets, and a new genus, named Iltisiella, comprising these species is proposed here. Tarenaya is clearly demonstrated to be a monophyletic genus, corroborating previous analyses. We identify four subclades in its topology, and the relationships among the species in each subclade revealed to be moderately to strongly resolved. Furthermore, we conducted a historical biogeographical analysis of the New World Cleomaceae on time-calibrated trees, and our results suggest an Oligocene origin at least 35.02 Mya with a MRCA distributed in Mesoamerica and the Northern Andes. For Tarenaya, our results suggest a Miocene origin at least 17 Mya, with the most recent common ancestor in the Chacoan and Atlantic Forest geographic areas.

Resumo Apresentamos um levantamento florístico de Cleomaceae no estado do Ceará, como parte do projeto "Flora do Ceará". O estudo baseou-se na análise dos caracteres morfológicos de espécimes depositados nos herbários EAC, HCDAL, HST, HUEFS, JPB, MOSS, R e UFRN, bibliografias especializadas, fotos de materiais-tipo, além de coletas e observações de campo. Foram registradas dez espécies pertencentes a cinco gêneros: Cleome (C. microcarpa), Gynandropsis (G. gynandra), Hemiscola (H. aculeata e H. diffusa), Physostemon (P. guianense, P. lanceolatum subsp. lanceolatum, P. rotundifolium e P. tenuifolium) e Tarenaya (T. spinosa e Tarenaya curvispina). Dentre estas, Tarenaya curvispina é uma nova espécie, e Gynandropsis gynandra e Physostemon tenuifolium representam duas novas ocorrências para o estado. Em território cearense, as espécies estão associadas a ambientes úmidos (floresta ombrófila densa) e secos (floresta estacional semidecidual de terras baixas, savana estépica e floresta estacional decidual).