ABSTRAK.Teknik perbenihan perlu diperhatikan untuk mendapatkan benih wortel bermutu. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan oleh teknik perbenihan / pemilihan umbella sebagai sumber bibit kurang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih wortel melalui perlakuan pemangkasan cabang dan pemberian pupuk boron. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan JanuariMei 2014 di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi, dengan ketinggian ± 1.340 m dpl, jenis tanah Andisol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan, di mana faktor 1= teknik pemangkasan (P 0 = tanpa pemangkasan, P 1 = pemangkasan cabang tersier, P 2 = pemangkasan cabang primer dan tersier) dan faktor 2 = dosis pupuk boron (Bo = 0, B1 = 5 kg/ ha, B2 = 10 kg/ha, dan B3 = 15 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemangkasan cabang tersier pada perbenihan wortel dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 15,12 -23,91%, diameter cabang sekunder 17,87 -19,97%, bobot kotor benih 66,87 -70,62%, bobot bersih benih 62,85 -70,62%, dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa 32,82 -44,52%. Pemberian pupuk boron dengan dosis 15 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan jumlah cabang sekunder 60,89%, bobot kotor benih 59,85%, bobot bersih benih 67,68%, dan menurunkan persentase benih hampa ±58,32% dibanding tanpa pemberian boron. Persentase tumbuh benih dapat ditingkatkan (49,28 -51,89%) dengan perlakuan pemangkasan cabang tersier dan pemberian pupuk boron 5-10 kg/ha. Kata kunci: Daucus carota; Pemangkasan cabang; Pupuk boron ABSTRACT. Seeding techniques need considered to get a quality carrot seeds. This occurs due to the seeding technique/umbella election as seed sources are less precise. This study aims to improve the production and quality of carrot seeds by treatment branch pruning and fertilizer application boron. The study was conducted from January to May 2014 in Berastagi Experimental Gardens, with an altitude of ± 1,340 m asl, Andisol soil type. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Factor 1: pruning techniques (P 0 = without pruning, P 1 = pruning tertiary branches, P 2 = pruning primary and tertiary branches) and factor 2 = dose boron fertilizer (Bo = 0, B 1 = 5 kg/ha, B 2 = 10 kg/ha and B 3 = 15 kg/ha). The results show that tertiary branch pruning can increase the number of secondary branches 15.12-23.91%, the diameter of the secondary branch 17.87-19.97%, gross weight of seed 66.87-70.62%, net weight of seed 62.85-70.62% and reduced the percentage of empty seed 32.82-44.52%, boron fertilizer with a dose of 15 kg/ha can increase the number of secondary branches of 60.89, 59.85% seed gross weight, net weight of seeds of 67.68%, and reduced the percentage of empty seed ± 58.32% than without boron. The percentage of good growing seed can be improved ha (49.28-51.89%) by tertiary branch pruning and fertilizer application 5 to 10 kg/ha.
Chilli pepper is a strategic horticultural commodity for its economic, nutritional, and medicinal values and is used as a spice in a variety of cuisines all over the world. Induced mutation by gamma ray’s irradiation has been used to increase chilli resistance and quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum dose of gamma irradiation in inducing resistance in putative mutation(M1) on chilli pepper seeds. The seeds induced were infected by Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PYLCV) and were irradiated with 0, 25, 50, 100,150,200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000Gy. The plants (M1) were observed for their seed germination, leaf length, leaf width, and plant height. The results indicated that the best LD50 irradiation was 288.269 Gy (y = 82.7847+ 0.0698x + 0.0002x2 + 2.0082x3). The results also revealed that plants irradiated with doses 150, 200, and 250 Gy were selected to be planted in the field.
Pollinating insects act as agents for transferring pollen to the pistil that leads to the increase of quality seed production. Since carrot is propagation through seed, insect pollination are important in the reproduction of the crop. The purpose of this study was to observe the diversity and activity of pollinating insects on carrot flowers in the Experimental Garden of the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Berastagi. Scan sampling method was applied to record the pollinator diversity, while the foraging behaviour of the insects was observed using focal sampling. The number of insects were recorded, collected and preserved in ethanol 70%. Insect identification guideline book was used to identify the insects by comparing their morphology and physiology. The results showed that there were 8 insect species visiting the carrot flowers: Amegilla sp., Polyrachis sp., Coccinella sp., Rhagonycha sp., Muscidae sp., Chrysomya sp., Nephrotoma sp. and Tabanus sp. Amegilla sp. was found to have the highest intensity visiting the carrot flowers (21.6 ± 10.06)% while the lowest was demonstrated by Polyrachis sp. (12.6 ± 4.12)%. Also, Amegilla sp. was recorded to be the most active insect (11.84 ± 1.46 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited was 5,06 ± 1,46 flowers/minute. Polyrachis sp. has been revealed to have the longest stay on the flowers visited (49.24 ± 3.89 seconds/flower) with the number of flowers visited 1.21 ± 3.90 flowers/minute. The diversity of pollinating insect was found to be in intermediate level (H’ = 1.89).
A major challenge in the development of shallot seeds is the limited availability of qualified seed due to pathogen infection during the vegetative phase. The study aims to determine the effect of storage duration and paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment to the resistance of shallots crop. The study was conducted at the Berastagi Experimental Fields, Vegetable Crops Research Institute in February to May 2017. The experiment was arranged by randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is bulbs storage duration, which is without storage and stored for 2 months. The second factor is PBZ treatment with levels ie 0, 0.5. 1, 1.5 and 2 mL/L. The observation parameters are the diseases percentage, diseases intensity, roots number, and roots length. The results showed that the shallot bulbs that singly stored had a significant effect on the diseases caused by Peronospora destructor, Alternaria porri, and Fusarium wilt with low percentage category. The PBZ treatment had not significant effect on all observation variables, but the interaction with 2 months storage duration had effect on root length at 60 days after planting (DAP).
The description of the agriculture success is inseparable from the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers on the effective use of pesticides in the field. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers on the distribution and use of pesticides in vegetable production centers in Karo Regency. The research was Berastagi Experimental Farm from August to September 2016. The research method used in the survey was a cross-sectional study approach. The selection of districts was done purposively based on the highest number of retailers, the largest horticultural planting area, and the number of vegetable farmers per district. The number of research samples was 10 respondents per district. To analyze the relationship between variables, we used Spearman's range correction coefficient calculation and validity test using SPSS correlation 17. The results exhibited that the level of knowledge of retailers and farmers in Karo regency is low about the functions, codes, and formulations of all pesticides that have been distributed. The level of knowledge of vegetable farmers on the use of pesticides in Karo district is low, seen from the high level of use, increasing concentration of pesticides and high frequency of spraying, as well as mixing fungicides and insecticides 2 types of pesticides with different codes and active ingredients. The relationship of farmers' knowledge with their age, education and the length of farming experience significantly influenced the perception and attitude of using pesticides to control pest attacks in their lands of cultivation.
ABSTRAK. Ketersediaan varietas markisa unggul yang bermutu tinggi, produktif, tahan terhadap hama/penyakit dan toleran terhadap cekaman lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam peningkatan daya saing industri hortikultura nasional. Upaya untuk memperoleh varietas unggul dilakukan melalui silangan antaraksesi lokal yang memiliki karakter unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengarakterisasi morfologi dan anatomi aksesi markisa lokal berkulit ungu, merah, dan markisa hasil silangan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi mulai April 2014 sampai Juli 2014. Hasil analisis data diperoleh kemiripan morfologi markisa ungu dan markisa merah berdasarkan habitat, bunga, liana, teresterial, akar tunggang, batang dan arah tumbuh, sedangkan daun, bunga, buah, biji, dan warna batang berbeda. Berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif antara markisa F1 dengan markisa ungu memiliki kadar gula sama dengan markisa ungu lokal yakni 16,6 o Brix. Markisa F1 memiliki 73,06 ml/100 g dengan total asam 1,53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dendogram diketahui hubungan morfologi markisa menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan markisa lokal merah dan markisa F1 sebesar 81%. Markisa F1 memiliki buah besar, warna kulit ungu kemerahan, aroma sari buah mirip dengan aroma jambu biji.Kata kunci: Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims; Karakter; Morfologi; Anatomi ABSTRACT. Availability of superior variety of passion fruits which high quality, resistant to pests or diseases, and tolerance to environmental stress are essential in improving the competitiveness of national horticultural industry. Superior varieties have been made through crossing local accessions that have superior characters. The aim of this experiment was to characterize the morphology and anatomy of purple passion, red passion, and F1 of passion fruit at Berastagi Experimental Farm from April 2014 to July 2014. Morphology and anatomy characterization obtained that purple passion fruit and red passion fruit had same characters based on habitat, flowers, lianas, terrestrial, taproot, stems, and direction of growth, whereas leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and stems color had different characters. Brix sugar level degrees between purple passion fruit and F1 almost similar, it was 16,6 o Brix, while the terms content juice of passion fruit cross F1 was 73,06 ml/100 g with total acid was 1,53%. Dendogram based on morphology characters of purple, red, and passion fruit cross F1 had 81% of similarity degree. Passion fruit cross F1 had a great size, reddish purple color, and guava aroma.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jenis trichoderma spp yang secara spesifik memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi kentang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK Faktorial) dengan 3 ulangan yaitu Faktor Pertama I adalah waktu aplikasi Trichoderma yang terdiri atas WT1 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp satu minggu sebelum tanam kentang dilapangan. WT2 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp satu minggu setelahtanam, WT3 = Diaplikasikan Trichoderma spp dua minggu setelah tanam. Faktor kedua adalah Jenis isolate Trichoderma spp diberikan terdiri atas JT 1 = Trichoderma koninggi, JT2 = Trichoderma harzianum, JT3 = Trichoderma viride. Perlakuan waktu aplikasi Trichoderma spp (W1= 1 minggu sebelum tanam) menunjukkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan produksi kentang. Sedangkan perlakuan jenis Trichoderma spp yang diberikan Trichoderma harzianum menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan produksi lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis Trichoderma viride dan koninggi.
Plant mutation breeding plays a pivotal role in increasing plant genetic variability, pest and disease resistance and yield production. Gamma ray irradiation induced to infected plants to obtain resistant mutant plants. This research aims to examine the morphological characterization of pepper plants and the mutant plants produced from irradiated PepYLCV-infecting local pepper from Karo Regency, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. The research was conducted in January to October 2021 in farming land in Tongkoh Village, Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency, Sumatra Utara, using non-Factorial Randomized Block Design. The mutation was induced by exposing the seeds of local chili to varied doses (D): 0 (uninfected seeds and unirradiated infected seeds), 150, 200 and 250 Gy and was performed using T-Test, replicated 3 times. The results of research showed that different doses of gamma rays significantly affected the mutant plants from the observation on its plant height, stem diameter, canopy and fruit lengths, fruit weight, number of branches, leaves and fruits. Plant induced with gamma ray 150 Gy found to have the longest canopy and fruit and also demonstrated the highest number of branches, flowers, leaves and the highest fruit weight compared to other higher doses. The exposure of gamma irradiation gave positive effect to infected chili to enhance their resistance in order to produce higher yield.
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