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Background This study investigates the biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana flowers extracts. Materials and Methods Antioxidant activity and the in vitro inhibitory effect of key digesting enzymes related to postprandial hyperglycemia were determined. Diabetic rats were orally and daily given the best extract from flowers of Anthyllis henoniana at a dose of acarbose for one month. Results Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate one displayed remarkable antioxidant activity including DPPH (IC50 = 2.34 mg/mL) and was more effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase (IC50 = 17 μg/mL) than α-amylase (IC50 = 920 μg /mL) activities. In vivo, the results proved that ethyl acetate extract at doses of 400 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the blood glucose level and lipid profile levels and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These protective impacts of Anthyllis henoniana ethyl acetate flowers extract were confirmed by histological results. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Anthyllis henoniana flowers ethyl acetate extract is effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress caused by diabetes.

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Abstract:Two new tetracyclic cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus colocynthis leaves together with four known cucurbitacins. Their structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data (mainly NMR and mass spectrometry). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against two human colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and Caco-2) and one normal rat intestine epithelial cell line (IEC6), revealed that one of the isolated compounds presented interesting specific cytotoxic activity towards colorectal cell lines.

Hammada scoparia (POMEL) ILJIN (ϭArthrophytum scoparium (POMEL) ILJINϭHaloxylon articulatum subsp. scoparium (POMEL) BATT.ϭHaloxylon scoparium POMEL) (Chenopodiaceae) is a small, highly-branched halophytic shrub distributed in south-east Spain, North Africa and parts of Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria (Irano-Turanian region).1-3) In Tunisia, it is known locally as 'rimth' 4) and used in traditional medicine to treat eye disorders. 5,6) Aqueous extracts of this plant have also been reported to show anti-cancer, 7) antiplasmodial 7) and larvicidal activity, 8) but relatively little has been published on its phytochemistry. This paper describes the isolation and identification of a new flavonol triglycoside found in the leaves of H. scoparia,Fractionation of an Me 2 CO-H 2 O (1 : 1) extract of leaves of H. scoparia by column chromatography, preparative paper chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC yielded compounds 1-3 as yellow powders. Each of these afforded isorhamnetin (3,5,7,4Ј-tetrahydroxy-3Ј-methoxyflavone) and sugars (1, galactose, rhamnose and xylose; 2, apiose, galactose and rhamnose; 3, galactose and rhamnose) on acid hydrolysis (2 M HCl). The UV spectra of 1-3 recorded in MeOH were similar to those of isorhamnetin 3-O-glycosides, 9) with distinctive maxima at 254 and 354 nm. Use of UV shift reagents 9,10) confirmed that the hydroxyl groups at C-5, C-7 and C-4Ј were free and that the hydroxyl group at C-3 was blocked. , respectively. These preliminary data indicated that compounds 1-3 were isorhamnetin 3-O-triglycosides.The 1 H-NMR spectrum of 1 in DMSO-d 6 contained distinctive resonances for one methoxy group and three anomeric protons. Additional glycosidic and aromatic proton resonances were also observed ( Table 1). The chemical shift and coupling constant data for the aromatic and methoxy protons together with their corresponding 13 C-NMR chemical shifts obtained by heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) confirmed the identity of the aglycone as isorhamnetin ( Table 1). The 1 H and 13 C resonances of each sugar residue were assigned from double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), HSQC and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) data using the anomeric proton resonances at d 5. 40 (d, Jϭ7.7 Hz), 4.44 (d, Jϭ1.3 Hz) and 4.24 (d, Jϭ7.4 Hz) as starting points (Table 1). These data allowed the glycosidic units to be identified as b-galactopyranose, a-rhamnopyranose and b-xylopyranose, respectively.11) The interglycosidic linkages and the site of attachment between the glycoside and the aglycone were determined from HMBC data and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement (ROE) connectivities detected in 1D XSROESY experiments. 12) A 3 J ( 1 H, 13 C) long-range connectivity (HMBC) between the anomeric proton resonance of b-Gal (d 5.40) and C-3 (d 133.0) of the aglycone confirmed the identity of the primary sugar as b-Gal and the site of attachment of the triglycoside as C-3. This was also suggested by the ROE connectivity det...