Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Properties of Anthyllis henoniana (Coss.) Flowers Extracts in an Alloxan‐Induced Rats Model of Diabetes

Abstract

Background This study investigates the biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana flowers extracts. Materials and Methods Antioxidant activity and the in vitro inhibitory effect of key digesting enzymes related to postprandial hyperglycemia were determined. Diabetic rats were orally and daily given the best extract from flowers of Anthyllis henoniana at a dose of acarbose for one month. Results Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate one displayed remarkable antioxidant activity including DPPH (IC50 = 2.34 mg/mL) and was more effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase (IC50 = 17 μg/mL) than α-amylase (IC50 = 920 μg /mL) activities. In vivo, the results proved that ethyl acetate extract at doses of 400 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the blood glucose level and lipid profile levels and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These protective impacts of Anthyllis henoniana ethyl acetate flowers extract were confirmed by histological results. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Anthyllis henoniana flowers ethyl acetate extract is effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress caused by diabetes.

Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica L. cv. Anwar Ratol Leaves: Medicinal Application of Food Wastes

“…Then the leaves were crushed and reduced to a coarse powder with a domestic grinder. Hydro-alcoholic mixture was selected as solvent based on literature review so as to extract polar phytochemicals such as phenolics [7]. The powder was macerated in a hydro-alcoholic mixture (30:70) for 7 days with occasional shaking.…”

Antiglycaemic potentials and molecular docking studies of the extracts of Cassia alata L.

“…Although the extracts might not contain the oligosaccharides-like structure of acarbose that could aid their affinity to the glycoside hydrolases, modifications in the structural conformation of the enzymes could be induced by the phytochemical constituents of the plant. Besides, bioactive compounds from botanical sources have been reported to have hypoglycaemic effects, and these include the phenolics and the flavonoids [23,24]. It should be noted that the activities investigated were estimated based on the weight of the dried leaves which could be higher than the activities of the respective secondary metabolites which would be accountable for the observed effects.…”

Hypoglycaemic and Hypolipidemic Properties of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of <i>P. americana</i> Leaf in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…These constituents may in part be responsible for the observed significant activity of this extract either singly or in synergy with one another [34]. Alloxan is reported to selectively destroy insulin secretory beta-cells to impair insulin secretion and function [35,36]. Decreased plasma insulin in hyperglycemic conditions increases fatty acyl coenzyme A oxidase activity, which initiate β-oxidation of fatty acids, resulting in lipid peroxidation [37].…”

“…Some plants' extracts are reported to exert hypoglycemic action by potentiating the insulin effect, either by stimulating the pancreatic secretion of insulin from the cells of islets of langerhans [41] or its release from bound insulin [42]. Serum lipids are known to be elevated during severe diabetes and have been implicated in the development of artherosclerosis [43,36]. Diabetesinduced hyperlipidemia is attributable to excess mobilization of fat from the adipose due to the under utilization of glucose [44].…”