The present study revealed that the nutritive value of grape seeds ( L.) was 383.55±0.13 Kcal/100 g, with magnesium as the most abundant mineral element (70.44±0.88 mg/L). The maximum phenolic (392.58±1.70mg of GAE/g), flavonoid (256.16±1.60 mg of QE/g), and tannin (30.95±0.17mg of CE/g) contents were also found in the ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts, respectively. The major phytochemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The ethanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity (IC=140±1.20 μg/mL for DPPH, 145.28±0.45mg α-tocopherol/g for total antioxidant capacity, and EC=80±1.41 μg/mL for ferric-reducing power assays). For β-carotene test, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the hexane extract. A satisfactory antimicrobial activity was found against a panel of microorganisms with the ethyl acetate extract as the best antimicrobial agent. Additionally, it was found that the bactericidal concentration required for the grape seed extract to kill should be less than 12.50 mg/mL (minimum inhibitory concentration=4).

Obesity is a serious health problem that increased risk for many complications, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The results showed EZA, which found rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibited an inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase in vitro with IC50 of 91.07 μg/mL. In vivo administration of this extract to HFD-rats lowered body weight and serum leptin level; and inhibited lipase activity of obese rats by 37% leading to notable decrease of T-Ch, TGs and LDL-c levels accompanied with an increase in HDL-c concentration in serum and liver of EZA treated HFD-rats. Moreover, the findings revealed that EZA helped to protect liver tissue from the appearance of fatty cysts. Interestingly, supplementation of EZA modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 36% in serum of HFD animals and improve some of serum electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Moreover, EZA significantly protected the liver-kidney function by reverted back near to normal the values of the liver-kidney dysfunction indices AST&ALT, ALP, CPK and GGT activities, decreased T-Bili, creat, urea and uric acid rates. In conclusion, these results showed a strong antihypelipidemic effect of EZA which can delay the occurrence of dislipidemia and hypertension.

No abstract

OZA showed a good effect in the management of diabetes mellitus and exerted preventive action from related hypertension.

<p class="Abstract">The present study was carried out to explore the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and anti-oxidant effect as well as content of phenolic compounds of various extracts from Zygophyllum album. It was observed that dichloromethane and ethanol extracts were endowed with a powerful anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with IC₅₀ values of 40 and 58 µg/mL, respectively. These two extracts exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=0.2 mg/mL), the highest total anti-oxidant capacity (185.2 and 222.4 mg vitamin E/mg extract, respectively), the highest reducing power effect, and the highest β-carotene bleaching capacity. The findings showed that the extents of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of Z. album extracts as well as their anti-oxidant capacity are in accordance with their phenolic contents. Hence, Z. album leaves would be useful against Alzheimer's disease.</p><p> </p><p><strong>VIDEO CLIP</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/M03zi4Mzh6k">Determination of flavonoids content:</a>  2 min 50 sec</p><p> </p>

It was established that the green alga, thanks to its bioactive compounds, effectively counteracts cardiotoxic effects of hypercholesterolemic regime.

Chromium(VI), a very strong oxidant, causes high cytotoxicity through oxidative stress in tissue systems. Our study investigated the potential ability of ethanolic Citrus aurantium L., family Rutaceae extract, used as a nutritional supplement, to alleviate lung oxidative damage induced by Cr(VI). A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer method was developed to separate and identify flavonoids in C. aurantium L. Six flavonoids were identified, as (1) poncirin, (2) naringin, (3) naringenin, (4) quercetin, (5) isosinensetin, and (6) tetramethyl-o-isoscutellarein. Adult Wistar rats, used in this study, were divided into six groups of six animals each: group I served as controls which received standard diet, group II received via drinking water K2Cr2O7 alone (700 ppm), groups III and IV were pretreated for 10 days with ethanol extract of C. aurantium L. at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, and then K2Cr2O7 was administrated during 3 weeks, and groups V and VI received during 10 days only C. aurantium L. ethanol extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. Ethanol extract of C. aurantium L. was administered orally. Rats exposed to Cr(VI) showed in lung an increase in malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels and a decrease in sulflydryl content, glutathione, nonprotein thiol, and vitamins C and E levels. Decreases in enzyme activities such as in Na(+)K(+) ATPase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were noted. Pretreatment with C. aurantium L. of chromium-treated rats ameliorated all biochemical parameters. Lung histological studies confirmed the biochemical parameters and the beneficial role of C. aurantium L.

Hammada scoparia (POMEL) ILJIN (ϭArthrophytum scoparium (POMEL) ILJINϭHaloxylon articulatum subsp. scoparium (POMEL) BATT.ϭHaloxylon scoparium POMEL) (Chenopodiaceae) is a small, highly-branched halophytic shrub distributed in south-east Spain, North Africa and parts of Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria (Irano-Turanian region).1-3) In Tunisia, it is known locally as 'rimth' 4) and used in traditional medicine to treat eye disorders. 5,6) Aqueous extracts of this plant have also been reported to show anti-cancer, 7) antiplasmodial 7) and larvicidal activity, 8) but relatively little has been published on its phytochemistry. This paper describes the isolation and identification of a new flavonol triglycoside found in the leaves of H. scoparia,Fractionation of an Me 2 CO-H 2 O (1 : 1) extract of leaves of H. scoparia by column chromatography, preparative paper chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC yielded compounds 1-3 as yellow powders. Each of these afforded isorhamnetin (3,5,7,4Ј-tetrahydroxy-3Ј-methoxyflavone) and sugars (1, galactose, rhamnose and xylose; 2, apiose, galactose and rhamnose; 3, galactose and rhamnose) on acid hydrolysis (2 M HCl). The UV spectra of 1-3 recorded in MeOH were similar to those of isorhamnetin 3-O-glycosides, 9) with distinctive maxima at 254 and 354 nm. Use of UV shift reagents 9,10) confirmed that the hydroxyl groups at C-5, C-7 and C-4Ј were free and that the hydroxyl group at C-3 was blocked. , respectively. These preliminary data indicated that compounds 1-3 were isorhamnetin 3-O-triglycosides.The 1 H-NMR spectrum of 1 in DMSO-d 6 contained distinctive resonances for one methoxy group and three anomeric protons. Additional glycosidic and aromatic proton resonances were also observed ( Table 1). The chemical shift and coupling constant data for the aromatic and methoxy protons together with their corresponding 13 C-NMR chemical shifts obtained by heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) confirmed the identity of the aglycone as isorhamnetin ( Table 1). The 1 H and 13 C resonances of each sugar residue were assigned from double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), HSQC and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) data using the anomeric proton resonances at d 5. 40 (d, Jϭ7.7 Hz), 4.44 (d, Jϭ1.3 Hz) and 4.24 (d, Jϭ7.4 Hz) as starting points (Table 1). These data allowed the glycosidic units to be identified as b-galactopyranose, a-rhamnopyranose and b-xylopyranose, respectively.11) The interglycosidic linkages and the site of attachment between the glycoside and the aglycone were determined from HMBC data and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement (ROE) connectivities detected in 1D XSROESY experiments. 12) A 3 J ( 1 H, 13 C) long-range connectivity (HMBC) between the anomeric proton resonance of b-Gal (d 5.40) and C-3 (d 133.0) of the aglycone confirmed the identity of the primary sugar as b-Gal and the site of attachment of the triglycoside as C-3. This was also suggested by the ROE connectivity det...