Hydrocarbon pollution, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic in the sea, has a negative impact on biota and must be controlled. Identification and isolation of bacteria that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons in the sea need to be done to overcome the hydrocarbon pollution. The methods used include quantitative test for biodegradation capacity, identification of bacterial species, phenotype test for gram staining, biochemical test, and genotype test using PCR. The results of identification, selection and optimization of isolates, obtained seven types of consortium bacterial isolates with codes BI, BA, AB, BS, BP, BASA and BAPS which have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. The phenotypic data showed that there were 3 isolates from the group of gram-positive Baccilus bacteria, while based on the genotype data, the three isolates were identified as Bacillus infantis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results of the biodegradation activity test showed that the bacterial isolate was able to reduce the surface tension of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, so that the bacteria could act as a degrading hydrocarbon pollutant.
Generally, all petroleum processing industries produce oil sludge or sludge. Polycy-clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), one of the components contained in sludge, are hazardous and toxic waste material with toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The research objective was to understand the biodegradation mechanism of naphthalene by utilizing a marine sponge symbiotic bacterial isolate. Partial bacteria Bacillus Sp strain AB353f (BC), sponge isolate Neopetrosia sp and Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus strain PHCDB14 (AC) isolate sponge Callyspongia (Aerizusa) as biomaterial for PAH degradation. Biodegradation method integrates bacterial suspension with 10,000 ppm naphthalene for 25 days. Every 5 days, the bio-degradation indicators were observed and the products of the destruction of naphthalene components were measured using FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that BC isolates and AC isolates from sponge symbionts could degrade naphthalene. The biodegradation performance of BC bacteria tended to be more dominant than AC against naphthalene. Based on the functional groups resulting from FTIR, three types of biodegradation products were identified, namely: alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid and one transition product in the form of a cate-chol. Maximum naphthalene bio-degradation occurs at an interaction period of 20 - 25 days.
Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.
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