Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Abstract

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.

The Potential of Endophytic Fungi for Enhancing the Growth and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Anthocyanin in Maled Phai Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…The ability of the isolated endophytic fungi, in terms of GA 3 production, was evaluated using a slightly modified method described by Syamsia et al [ 26 ]. The endophytic fungi were cultured for 7 days in Czapek–Dox broth (CZ) and incubated at 30 °C with shaking at 180 rpm.…”

Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth

“…Auxin precursor’s engagement in these processes has not been confirmed, but the growth of plant roots is improved systematically with the ascertained effects of the stimulation of fungal-based auxin. PGPF, including Aspergillus , Mortierella , Talaromyces , Fusarium , Penicillium , and Trichoderma , reported being isolated from the root-soil to produce IAA from plants and contribute to the development of tomato plants [ 19 ]. Some phytohormones control the development of seeds and plant roots and shoots alongside IAA and gibberellin (GA).…”

“…evokes the growth of tomato plants. The study reveals how the compound released by PGPF enhances the growth of lateral roots, stimulates flowering activities, and increases the chlorophyll concentration in the leaves [ 19 ].…”

“…PGPF applications suppress the usage of agrochemicals and likewise prevent plants from biotic and abiotic stresses [ 16 ]. Various studies reported the following PGPF genera ( Gliocladium , Penicillium , Phoma , Phytophthora , Rhizoctonia , Talaromyces , Trichoderma ) to improve tomato [ 15 ], orange [ 10 ], apple [ 17 ], pear [ 18 ], cucumber [ 19 ], carrot [ 20 ], and other plants’ growth and further promote the plants’ innate immunity and the production of various necessary secondary metabolites by the plants. PGPF perform the following functions in plants: antagonistic or biocontrol potential by competing for space and nutrients [ 10 ], growth hormone production [ 21 ], mineral solubilization, mycoparasitic and saprophytic resistance, root colonization, and induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants [ 22 ].…”

An Overview of Stress-Tolerant Promoting Endophytic Fungal Isolates from Hiyung Chilli Grown in South Kalimantan

“…According to the literature, these spicy peppers grow rather well as they act as hosts to endophytic fungi, which are known for their ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum capsici [6,7]. Endophytic fungi isolated from chilli plants purportedly have a variety of uses, including supporting plant growth [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and are a source of bioactive compounds, for instance, capsaicin [16]. Endophytic fungi isolated from chilli plant reported so far are the Tricho-derma sp.…”