Investigation of Potential Marine Bacterial Isolates in Biodegradation Methods on Hydrocarbon Contamination

Abstract

Hydrocarbon pollution, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic in the sea, has a negative impact on biota and must be controlled. Identification and isolation of bacteria that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons in the sea need to be done to overcome the hydrocarbon pollution. The methods used include quantitative test for biodegradation capacity, identification of bacterial species, phenotype test for gram staining, biochemical test, and genotype test using PCR. The results of identification, selection and optimization of isolates, obtained seven types of consortium bacterial isolates with codes BI, BA, AB, BS, BP, BASA and BAPS which have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. The phenotypic data showed that there were 3 isolates from the group of gram-positive Baccilus bacteria, while based on the genotype data, the three isolates were identified as Bacillus infantis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results of the biodegradation activity test showed that the bacterial isolate was able to reduce the surface tension of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, so that the bacteria could act as a degrading hydrocarbon pollutant.

Comparison of the Strength of Biodegradation of Pyrene between Symbiont Bacteria of Marine Sponges and Bacteria Isolated from Seawater

“…This data is corroborated by the percentage of bacterial biodegradation performance of Sb (39.00%), slightly higher than the performance of bacteria Bl (38.29%) (Fig. 11) on pyrene components [3,5,11,23]. This result is influenced by the adaptability and biodegradation mechanism that these two types of bacteria can take to the pyrene component.…”

“…The influence of these limiting factors is thought to occur at the formation stage of carboxylic compounds, where these compounds can increase the acidity of the interactive media, which results in the potential for stopping bacterial cell division or bacterial cells experiencing mass death. Thus the biodegradation process converts carbon elements into energy through metabolic pathways, and the oxidation reaction proceeds slowly and even stops com-pletely [19,23,66].The reaction mechanism of pyrene biodegradation by bacteria type B1 is generally illustrated in the reaction scheme according to Figure 14. The results of this study are expected to be developed to screen for other types of bacteria from various sources that can biodegrade hydrocarbon components, especially PAHs [94,95].…”

“…Every 3 days, biodegradation parameters (optical density) were observed and measured. Measurement of the level of biodegradation was carried out after the interaction of 10, 20 and 30 days using GC-MS [19,23,29]. All samples in the vial that had reached an interaction period of 10 days and their multiples were extracted using N-hexane to extract the pyrene component that was not degraded.…”

“…Pyrene is one of the PAHs with a relatively high level of toxicity [2,20,21]. Tests on animals showed that pyrenes cause disturbances in several vital organs, especially the kidneys, liver, digestive organs, and can enter the metabolic system, while in marine ecosystems, exposure to pyrenes interferes with the growth of various types of fish, algae, seagrass, mollusk [7,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Coastal Water Quality to Support Application of Witheleg Shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> Intensive Pond Technology

“…The research we conducted aimed to determine the performance of whiteleg shrimp culture concerning water quality characteristics, and the water quality status in the coastal areas of aquaculture ponds at different times and places in the coastal area of Bulukumba Regency, especially in two locations, namely BB and GT [5,43,59,60]. This study pays excellent attention to the development of whiteleg shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas widespread in Indonesia.…”