The outbreak of viral hepatitis E occurred due to sewage contamination of water pipelines.
Background: Foodborne infection is a major cause of illness and death worldwide, having long term effects on children’s growth; and considerable illness, heavily affecting healthcare systems. To investigate an outbreak of food poisoning which occurred in an officers’ mess.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the setting of an officers’ mess in an army unit. Standard statistical methods such as calculation of percentage and Chi square were utilized for analysis.Results: It was observed that seven (63.6364%) cases were amongst officers, 3 (27.2727%) cases were among ladies and 1 (9.0909%) case was amongst ORs. 100% cases occurred within 9 to 20 hours of consuming the food.Conclusions: A small scale outbreak of food poisoning occurred in an officers’ mess in a military establishment. Clinically the most likely causative organism was suspected to be Salmonella typhimurium. No microbiological confirmation could be carried out as no food sample was available for the same.
Aims: The workers aim to review disinfection practices in public places in India and USA Main text: Sanitization of Public Places in India: One percent sodium hypochlorite or phenolic disinfectants must be used for mopping of all indoor areas such as entrance lobbies, corridors and staircases, escalators, elevators, security guard booths, ofce rooms, meeting rooms, cafeteria. Frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned twice daily by mopping with a linen/absorbable cloth soaked in 1% sodium hypochlorite. Sanitization of Public Places in USA: Surfaces and objects which are not frequently touched should be cleaned as a routine. They do not require additional disinfection. Gloves and PPE appropriate for the chemicals being used must be worn by the workers for routine cleaning and disinfecting. Notwithstanding Government and WHO guidelines, there are media reports of use of disinfection tunnels in various public places in India. Appropriate disinfectants against SARS-CoV2: EPA's registered antimicrobial products are expected to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 based on data for viruses which are harder to kill. Conclusion:Disinfection for the SARS-CoV-2 is quite similar to disinfection which is carried out for other viruses, like the u or a common cold.
Background: Worldwide kala azar affects around 500,000 people every year with at least 50,000 deaths annually. Gedaref state in east Sudan is the epicentre of visceral leishmaniasis in east Africa. Objectives of this study were to describe the outbreak of kala azar in South Sudan, from August 2009 to July 2010, in terms of person and time distribution and to describe the outbreak of kala azar in South Sudan, from August 2009 to Jul 2010, in terms of frequency of various clinical features and outcomeMethods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at South Sudan with cases of kala azar affected during an outbreak in South Sudan from August 2009 to July 2010. Statistical analysis was percentage.Results: This outbreak indicates the emergence or re-emergence of kala azar in South Sudan. Within the restrictions on movement because of the civil war, further research is needed to investigate the extent of the transmission zone and whether other populations in South Sudan have been infected and have no access to treatment.Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural population.
Background: Malaria the world’s most prevalent vector borne disease, is endemic in 92 countries worldwide, remains a major public health threat to more than 600 million Africans. Approximately 41% of the world’s population is at risk, and each year 300 million to 500 million clinical cases of malaria, >90% of them in Africa, are reported. The objective of the study was to present an overview of the malaria situation in Sudan, to assess the trend of malaria infection amongst the local population of Sudan during the period 1990 to 2008, to assess the trend of proportion of all consultations and mortality attributable to malaria amongst the local population of Sudan during the period 2000 to 2008.Methods: The study design was a retrospective cohort study design. Data from all sources was validated, compiled and analysed statistically using standard statistical tests.Results: Overall malaria incidence shows a significantly decreasing trend during the period of study. Disease burden due to malaria as proportion of all consultations also shows a significantly decreasing trend during the period of study. Mortality attributable to malaria also shows a significantly decreasing trend. Conclusions: The epidemiology of malaria infection and disease risks are in transition is some parts of Africa, in part as a result of scaling of the provision of insecticide treated nets and adoption of new effective therapeutics.
Background: Approximately 3 million premature deaths occur every year due to tobacco. Gaps were observed in the scientific knowledge about tobacco consumption practices among armed forces personnel in our country. Keeping in view the paucity of studies in this field workers chose to undertake the present study.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among service personnel across a training centre to determine prevalence of tobacco consumption. The sample size was calculated to estimate 95% confidence interval for prevalence of tobacco consumption with 5% absolute precision. The minimum sample size was calculated to be 250, however, 285 personnel were included in the study. “Personal interview technique” was used for data and standard statistical methods were utilized for data analysis.Results: The mean age (standard deviation) of the study subjects was 20.80 years (1.23). The overall prevalence of currently using tobacco in any form was 9.82%, mean (SD) of number of years of tobacco use was 2.33 years (1.27). Mean (SD) of number of cigarettes/bidis smoked per day was 7.52 (6.71). Average amount spent on tobacco consumption per month was Rs310.95 (2.42% of monthly salary). The commonest reasons for smoking is peer pressure, to relax and feel like hero.Conclusions: Our study has helped to fill in the existing gaps in the scientific knowledge about tobacco consumption practices among armed forces personnel in our country.
Background: HEV infection is responsible for half of all outbreaks of acute liver disease in endemic areas. The present study deals with eighty eight cases of faeces orally transmitted Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a regimental training center in South India in October 2016 to November 2016.Methods: Methodology and case definitions which were used for confirmed case and presumptive case of viral hepatitis were same as those which were used by Singh et al in their study. Surveillance data for all the cases was reviewed. The outbreak was described in terms of person, place and time. A sanitary survey carried out to detect the likely sources of contamination of water and to study the methods of sewage disposal with regards to septic tanks/soak pits.Results: Out of eighty-eight cases, two persons were HBsAg +ve, five were positive for both Hepatitis A and E, sixty-eight were positive for hepatitis E, five were positive for Hepatitis A, 8 persons were found negative for all the above hepatitis viruses. Overflow of sewage with foul smell and leaking water pipeline in 2 places were observed in the unit area. The overall attack rate was 27.69%.Conclusions: The present outbreak was due to faecal contamination of drinking water supplied to the regimental centre, which occurred due to old and corroded leaking pipelines in close proximity to old sewage lines having leakage through their walls. Medical authorities should maintain surveillance for all water and food borne diseases.
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