An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in Gorakhpur, India, from July through November 2005. The etiologic agent was confirmed to be Japanese encephalitis virus by analyzing 326 acute-phase clinical specimens for virus-specific antibodies and viral RNA and by virus isolation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to genogroup 3.
Emerging organisms are likely to evade routine identification or be disregarded as non-contributory. Astute efforts directed at identification of emerging isolates, decisions by clinical microbiologists and treating physicians and containment of infection are required.
Screening of multidrug resistant bacteria especially belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae poses considerable therapeutic challenges in critical care patients because of the production of ESBL and AmpC βL. Strategies to keep a check on the emergence of such drug resistant microbes by hospital environmental surveillance and laboratory monitoring should form an important aspect of Hospital Infection control policy guidelines.
The prevalence of multidrug resistance among enterococci was found to be 63%, the resistance being more common in Enterococcus faecium as compared to Enterococcus faecalis. The study highlights the emergence and increased prevalence of multidrug resistant enterococci which pose a serious therapeutic challenge.
Surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes has important implications for the development of candidate vaccine and understanding the possible differences in the transmission and natural history of different subtypes. In this study, HIV-1 subtypes were determined for homologies in the C2-V3-V5 region by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in HIV-1 seropositive patients referred to the National HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India. Of the 125 samples analysed, 98 (78.4%) were HIV-1 subtype C, 11 (8.8%) were subtype B', 3 (2.4%) were subtype A and 2 (1.6%) were subtype E. In 11 samples, subtype determination was not clear-cut. It is possible that these individuals may be infected with recombinant strains of HIV-1. These findings may have significant implications for the designing and testing of effective HIV-1 vaccine candidate in India.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.