This paper presents a reliable technology for GPS/Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) surveying under difficult observational conditions, i.e., in forest environments. The technology is based on the rapid static and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) methods. Test surveys for the developed technology were carried out on a point in a dense forest, with a high degree of difficulty for satellite access. The coordinates of the point were determined by three GPS/GLONASS receivers positioned in a line on a special base, which were separated by a fixed distance of 0.5 m. The test surveys were conducted using Topcon HiPer Pro receivers with 10-Hz RTK positioning and gathering data at a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Practical tests for the presented technology showed that rapid static surveys based on three rover GPS/GLONASS receivers were a quite efficient technology in forest environments (unlike the RTK) and allowed for reliable centimeter accuracy of the determined positions to be obtained in 5-min observational sessions.
Technological progress in augmented reality (AR) creates new application opportunities for different branches of tourism. The application of modern technology is made possible by the widespread use of mobile devices and dedicated tourist applications. Preliminary market research demonstrates that there are no global solutions intended for tourists on sea voyages that make use of augmented reality. This paper analyzes the use of AR technology in water tourism. The proposed Maritime Educational Trip (MET) system makes it possible to combine geolocation information with the accumulated knowledge of a specific location and to present it with AR. An example prototypical Android application is developed, combining e-navigation with a knowledge base. The developed solutions show how a combination of the real world with a computer-generated world helps to expand the tourism space.
Planning and management of urban space that involves the local community the process is key to optimal management of the surroundings, in line with social needs. Social isolation imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic considerably reduces the possibility of conducting public consultations. This study hypothesized that such consultations can be carried out using new visualisation technologies in the virtual reality (VR) area. Owing to the development of new technologies, innovative services can be created which make it easier for recipients to absorb new content. To this end, the ArchitektVR application was developed, which uses enhanced reality for public consultations concerning planned land development. 3D visualisation with VR enables the presentation of various aspects of area development in a clear form, understandable to an average user with no specialist qualifications. It facilitates the presentation and creation of multiple variants/scenarios for the future shape of the area. The research assumptions were tested for a disused area of a water body. According to preliminary tests, the use of virtual reality could provide a new form of communication between decision-makers and citizens. Effective and easy-to-understand visualisations might provide encouragement to participate in local matters and enable citizens to make better decisions. 3D visualisation enabled concerned individuals to assess the potential development of a selected area fragment without an in-person visit, either in the field or to an office. This is of particular importance in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and sanitary restrictions.
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