The expression of immune response in the form of leukocytic infiltrate by CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in the epithelium and in the intestinal lamina propria of chicks was studied in the present work by means of immunohistochemical reaction. The chicks were treated with Lactobacillus spp. or cecal microflora (CM) and experimentally challenged or not with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The 320 birds utilized were divided into 4 groups containing 80 chicks each and submitted to treatments with Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and CM. Each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups of 20 birds each and classified into a subgroup that did not receive treatment (negative control), subgroup treated, subgroup treated and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis, and subgroup only challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis (positive control). The results obtained show that the treatment with L. reuteri, L. salivarius, L. acidophilus, or CM and challenged or not with Salmonella Enteritidis determine immune response in the form of leukocytic infiltrate by CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes followed by CD4+ in the epithelium and in the lamina propria of the duodenum, jejunum, and cecum of chicks up to 12 d of age. The quantity of CD3+ lymphocytes was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the intestine of chicks treated with L. acidophilus or CM and challenged or not with Salmonella Enteritidis; however, the higher quantity of CD8+ lymphocytes was in the intestine of chicks treated with CM and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. The duodenum was the segment in which the immune response by T cells (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) was stimulated with the greatest intensity, followed by, respectively, the jejunum and cecum. The quantity of CD3+ lymphocytes present in the duodenum, jejunum, and cecum increases with the age of chicks, independent of the stimulus determined by treatments or challenge.

The aim of the present study was to monitor endometrial distribution and concentrations of oestrogen receptors alpha (ER alpha) and progesterone receptors (PR) by immunohistochemistry in Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus) during the oestrous cycle. Blood samples were collected for progesterone measurement and endometrial samples were taken from the uterine horn contra lateral to the corpus luteum in 16 cows at days 0 (ovulation), 5, 9, 13 and 19 of the oestrous cycle. Immunostaining evaluation for ER alpha and PR in the glandular epithelium and uterine stroma was performed by two methods: positive nuclei counting and staining intensity of the nuclei. Specific positive staining reactions for both receptors were limited to cell nuclei and they were not identified in the cytoplasm. The proportion of ER alpha positive nuclei had a temporal variation throughout the oestrous cycle in both cell types evaluated and was higher in uterine stroma than the glandular epithelium (p < 0.05). The greatest proportion of ER alpha stained nuclei was observed at oestrus and during the initial and mid luteal phase (days 5, 9 and 13) (p < 0.05) in the glandular epithelium and at days 0, 5 and 9 in the uterine stroma (p < 0.01). The proportion of PR positive nuclei remained constant throughout the entire oestrous cycle for both cell types evaluated (p > 0.05). A higher proportion of PR positive nuclei was measured in the uterine stroma compared with the glandular epithelium (p < 0.05). Intensity of staining for ER alpha and PR varied throughout the oestrous cycle (p < 0.01). There was a higher staining intensity at days 0 and 5 in the stroma for ER alpha (p < 0.01) and PR (p < 0.01) and in the glandular epithelium at days 0, 5, 9 and 13 for ER alpha (p < 0.01) and at days 0, 5 and 9 for PR (p < 0.01) when compared with the other evaluated days. These data demonstrate that ER alpha and PR expression varied throughout the oestrous cycle in Nelore cows, in general with highest concentrations at oestrus and the lowest during the luteal phase. This is similar to patterns observed in Bos taurus taurus.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) appear to play a critical role in tumour neovascularization. In this study, we have investigated the expression of VEGF and PGE-2 in 53 canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections revealed that VEGF and PGE-2 were expressed in all mast cell tumours studied. When the expression patterns of VEGF and PGE-2 were compared with tumour grade according to Patnaik criteria, the only significant correlation observed was between PGE-2 staining intensity and tumour pathological grade, with grade II and III tumours having higher PGE-2 staining, both in intensity and percentage of cells stained, than grade I tumours (P < 0.05).

No abstract

This report describes a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a 6-year-old female mixed breed dog, from the central west region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The cytological and histopathological analyses showed an intense inflammatory infiltrate with presence of numerous hyphal elements, suggesting infection due to Pythium insidiosum. The diagnosis was confirmed by nested-PCR, which was carried out with specific primers derived from the ribosomal DNA region. The pathogen occurs in Brazil and veterinarians should be aware of the importance of correctly diagnosing this disease and differentiating it from other fungal diseases.

Mast cell tumors represent the most common malignant skin tumor in the dog. This review outlines the incidence, etiology and clinical signs of mast cell tumors. Diagnostic tests, staging and treatments are also discussed.

ResumoA leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença infecciosa crônica considerada endêmica em algumas regiões do estado de São Paulo e, apesar de ser uma enfermidade sistêmica, no cão, a maioria dos sinais clínicos são dermatológicos. Foram avaliados trinta cães com diagnóstico de leishmaniose, da região de Araçatuba, pelos exames parasitológico e sorológico. Os cães apresentando apenas sinais dermatológicos foram divididos em dois grupos: um grupo com descamação e outro com ulceração. Os padrões histopatológicos da pele encontrados nos cães com lesões descamativas (n=15) foram de dermatite perianexial (5/15, 33,3%), dermatite perivascular superficial (1/15, 6,6%), dermatite nodular (1/15, 6,6%), e dentre as dermatites mistas (8/15, 53,3%), dermatite intersticial/perianexial (1/8, 12,5%), dermatite liquenóide/perivascular superficial e profunda (1/8, 12,5%), dermatite perivascular superficial e profunda/perianexial (1/8, 12,5%) e dermatite perivascular superficial/perianexial (5/8, 62,5%). Os cães com lesões ulcerativas (n=15) apresentaram padrões histopatológicos de dermatite perivascular superficial e profunda (5/15, 33,3%), dermatite difusa (3/15, 20%), dermatite perianexial (2/15, 13,3%), dermatite nodular (1/15, 6,6%), e dentre as dermatites mistas (4/15, 26,6%), dermatite intersticial/perivascular superficial e profunda (1/4, 25%), dermatite nodular/perianexial (1/4, 25%), dermatite fibrosante/perianexial (1/4, 25%) e dermatite perivascular superficial e profunda/perianexial (1/4, 25%). A presença de formas amastigotas foram observadas em oito cães (8/15, 53,3%) com dermatite descamativa e sete cães (7/15, 46,6%) com dermatite ulcerativa. Palavras-chave: Dermatite descamativa, dermatite ulcerativa, Leishmaniose, dermatopatologia, cão AbstractCanine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease in some São Paulo state regions and even though it is a systemic disease, in the dog, the main clinical sign is dermatological. Thirty dogs with positive results in serology and parasitological exams for leishmaniasis from Araçatuba city were evaluated. They just showed dermatological signs and were divided in two groups, one with exfoliative 1 Apoio financeiro: FUNDUNESP. 2 Aluno do programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (área de concentração: Clínica Veterinária, nível Doutorado), UNESP, Botucatu. Distrito de Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618.000,

With the purpose of shedding light on some doubts in veterinary oncology, the present article intends to compare the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of unspecific round cell neoplasia, to realize immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma cases, to establish the T or B origin of neoplastic cells, and to determine the degree of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Of 11 animals presenting immunohistochemical diagnosis of lymphoma, five had been diagnosed as Lymphoma by HE staining of histopathological slides and six had been classified as unspecific round cell neoplasia. All cases submitted to immunohistochemical examination were T-cell lymphomas. There was a positive correlation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The comparison among histopathological and immunohistochemical results obtained in the cases examined in the present study suggested that immunohistochemistry is essential for the differentiation of round cell neoplasia. Keywords: dog, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, round cell neoplasia, lymphoma RESUMO Com o objetivo de sanar algumas dúvidas na área da oncologia veterinária, o presente artigo pretende comparar os resultados dos exames histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias de células redondas inespecíficas, realizar imunofenotipagem dos casos