ABSTRACT:This study was conducted to evaluate the performance, carcass composition, and litter moisture of broiler chicks fed crude glycerin for 1-21 days. The study used 1056 male birds distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% crude glycerin from 1 to 10 days), with eight replicates. After the 10 th day, each treatment group was divided into two groups out of which one continued to receive the same glycerin level and the second group started to receive a glycerin-free diet. The parameters weight gain, feed intake, feed : gain, and livability during the first 10 days exhibited a quadratic response (P < 0.05), which predicted higher values at crude glycerin levels of 9.01, 9.02, 9.03, and 6.43%, respectively. From day 1 to day 21, the group receiving crude glycerin throughout the experiment showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for weight gain, feed intake, feed : gain, and livability, with higher values at crude glycerin levels of 6.06, 7.97, 13.11, and 7.69%. As glycerin levels increased, the litter moisture increased linearly (P < 0.05) for both periods. The protein and fat deposition rates and dry matter of the carcasses were not affected (P > 0.05). Considering the period from day 1 to day 21, inclusion of up to 6.06% crude glycerin in the diet provided the best weight gain without affecting the birds' performance, the rate of protein and fat deposition on the carcass, or litter moisture compared with birds fed a glycerin-free diet.

ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the sunflower cake and enzymatic complex fed to broilers from 22 to 42 d of age.MethodsIn a completely randomized design, a total of 850 birds were allotted in a 2×5 factorial scheme (with and without enzymatic complex) and five inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of sunflower cake. There were 5 replications and 17 birds in each experimental unit. Data from performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphology were evaluated.ResultsFeed intake, weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio linearly worsened as sunflower cake increased. For weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio, the birds whose diets contained levels of 15% and 20% of sunflower cake showed worse values (p<0.05) than the birds fed the control diet. When fed the enzymatic complex, birds improved (p<0.05) crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. As inclusion levels of sunflower cake increased, villus depth and villus:crypt ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum linearly reduced and the crypt depth linearly increased. Carcass yield linearly reduced as sunflower cake increased.ConclusionBased on performance, sunflower cake can be used up to 10% in broilers feeding from 21 to 42 days of age.

The study aimed to determine the nutritional and energy values of sunflower cake for broilers through two experiments. The first study evaluated the energy values by the method of total excreta collection, using 100 broiler chicks 21-31 days old, divided into five treatments of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% inclusion sunflower cake will reference a diet. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the period and the quantity supplied of sunflower cake on digestibility of amino acids by a forcedfeeding technique. Eighteen cockerels were used, divided into three treatments, which consisted of supplying 15 g of sunflower cake, 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 12 hours) and 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g at intervals of 24 hours), and an additional six roosters were fasted for correction of metabolic and endogenous losses. The samples were sent for amino acid analysis by HPLC in the Evonik Laboratory (Germany), and chemical and energy analysis to Unioeste Laboratory. The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolization coefficient (AMC), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolization coefficient corrected for nitrogen balance (AMCn) for sunflower cake were 2211.68 kcal.kg -1 , 2150.54 kcal.kg -1 , 45.47% and 44.73%, respectively. The amount of food provided in the feeding method changed the assessment of true digestibility of amino acids (TDCA), and when only 15 g was used, the values of true digestibility coefficients were underestimated. The lysine, histidine and threonine amino acids were at lower TDCA, and arginine and methionine showed the highest TDCA for sunflower cake.

-The objective of this trial was to evaluate the bioavailability of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methyl) butanoic acid (DL-HMBA) and a polyherbal ingredient (PHI) in relation to DL-methionine (DLM) on broilers. Nine hundred male broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 strain were fed from 22 to 42 days of age either a basal diet without industrial methionine supplementation or the basal diet supplemented with DL-HMBA at one of three levels (0.143, 0.286 and 0.429%) or DLM at one of three levels (0.093, 0.186 and 0.279%, each of which is 65% of the respective DL-HMBA level by weight) or PHI at one of the same three levels used for DLM (0.093, 0.186 and 0.279%). The weight gain, feed conversion ratio and relative weights of breast and abdominal fat were improved over that of basal diet-fed broilers by the addition of DL-HMBA and DLM to the diet. A simultaneous exponential regression analysis revealed that the relative bioavailability values for DL-HMBA and PHI were 52% and 5% of that of DLM, respectively, for weight gain, and 57% and 4%, respectively, for feed conversion ratio. Concerning breast meat yield, a simultaneous linear regression analysis (slope ratio) showed that the relative bioavailability for DL-HMBA was 65% of that of DLM. Considering all studied parameters together, the relative bioavailability values for DL-HMBA and PHI are 58% and 4.5% of that of DLM on a product basis.

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected by nitrogen retention (AME n ) and metabolization coefficients (MC and MC n ) of different feeds for broilers from the western region of Paraná State. The experiment was conducted at the Physiology of Birds Laboratory at UNIOESTE. Two hundred and sixty male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain, at 21 days old, were distributed in a randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates of five birds per experimental unit. The feed ingredients studied were ten different wheat middlings, one triticale, one wheat grain and a reference diet. Values for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium composition were determined as well as the geometric mean diameter of the feed particles. To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AME n ) the total excreta collection method was used with growing birds. The chemical composition of the feeds was variable. The values for AME and AME n ranged from 1.

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Desempenho de pintos de corte nas fases pré-inicial e inicial, utilizando dietas com diferentes valores de energia metabolizável dos ingredientes, em diferentes idades

In order to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), the apparent coefficients of metabolization (ACM) of gross energy and the ACM corrected for nitrogen balance (ACMn), an experiment was conducted to evaluate five different plant foods (corn, soybean meal, deactivated full-fat soybean, wheat bran and soybean oil) for broilers at different ages (1-8, 11-18, 21-28, 31-38 and 41-48 days). The method of total excreta collection was used, divided into five metabolism assays. The birds were housed in metabolic cages in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and five replicates per treatment, totaling 25 experimental units. The AME and AMEn values increased with the age of the birds for most foods, except soybean meal. The smaller AMC and AMCn of gross energy were obtained for wheat bran. There was adjustment of the equation to the linear response plateau model for the ACM of corn, soybean meal and deactivated full-fat soybean. The wheat bran and soybean oil were adjusted to the linear regression model. The equations show that the digestibility of energy tends to increase with age, except for soybean meal, which had higher metabolization with younger birds. We conclude that the age of the birds influences the determination of the metabolizable energy of feed.