In the 2018 presidential election, Brazil elected a fringe congressman, Jair Bolsonaro, despite his radical rhetoric that would suffice to shake the public image of any candidate in the world and the lack of traditional resources of his campaign. One of the hypotheses for this electoral success is that his campaign built a specific communication strategy that used internet platforms to communicate directly with different groups of voters. We describe the Brazilian electoral scenario of 2018, focusing on the use of the messaging app WhatsApp. We discuss how Bolsonaro's campaign tapped into sentiments and perceptions spread by the legacy media, adding a stronger conservatism. We gather evidence of centralised management of WhatsApp chat groups by political actors that emerge from the work of computer scientists research, newspaper articles and our own ethnographic work. The radicalisation of Brazilian politics could be partially explained as an effect of the use of political micro-targeting in a highly concentrated news media ecosystem, and zero-rating policies that fuels WhatsApp popularity, a platform with affordances that favours the spread of misinformation.

Apart from governments’ increased opportunities to monitor citizens, businesses, civil servants, and services, companies are mobilizing personal data to build profitable, algorithmically based business models with profound ramifications. With companies that have rapidly become giants in this sector, such as Uber, the phenomenon is spreading to various services at the same overwhelming speed as many companies bet on what is known as Uberization. In this paper, we aim to use one example of such a phenomenon from the Global South to show how a potential hyperconnected society is, in fact, creating the possibility for expanded patterns of immobilization for certain groups. We aim to show how highly indirect corporate surveillance involved in businesses such as Uber can run in parallel with a specific direct form of worker surveillance that, without any legal or social safeguards, increases the vulnerability of the weakest link in this chain.

A proposta deste trabalho é discutir, a partir de dados etnográficos, as características, contradições e transformações da comunidade software livre brasileira vividas nos últimos anos. Entendida como um movimento social, busca-se mostrar como ela inter-relaciona questões que envolvem política, linguagem, trabalho e identidade. O cenário etnográfico abordado mistura o online com o offline, ou seja, a pesquisa procurou entender o software livre tanto por meio da pesquisa de campo tradicional como pela observação de grupos online. O movimento software livre brasileiro se mostrou, comparado com seus equivalentes internacionais, como de grande eficácia: articulou-se com partidos e políticos tanto em nível local como nacional, mostrando-se influente a ponto de ver atendidas certas demandas; alguns de seus membros obtiveram cargos técnicos e administrativos; e foi possivelmente o grupo mais influente na constituição dos grupos que atualmente identificam-se sob o termo guarda-chuva "cultura digital". A pesquisa que dá base ao texto já resultou em tese de doutoramento e reúne dados coletados por dez anos de envolvimento com a comunidade software livre, incluindo interações e participação em eventos offline, sendo o mais importante deles o Fórum Internacional de Software Livre, realizado anualmente em Porto Alegre.

Latin America has shown itself to be a fertile ground for the proliferation of surveillance cameras, especially in retail and in small-scale private security (homes, condominiums, shopping malls, etc.). In Brazil, this proliferation has occurred for three main reasons: the absence of specific legislation regulating how these systems are used; the limited scope of the debate about the deployment of surveillance technology and the implications of its widespread use; and a growing atmosphere of urban fear that affects the way people live in and move around large and medium-sized cities. In a study carried out in Brazil and Mexico and funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), various aspects of the use of surveillance technologies were mapped and described, focusing on existing legislation, related studies, research centers, current technologies and the market. In this article we present some of the results of this research as they relate to the proliferation of video surveillance in Brazil. The Brazilian market for video surveillance, which has grown steadily since the 1980s, is now booming, reflecting the growing interest this technology holds for the (property and personal) security market as well as the real estate market. Over the past 30 years, this interest centered on public areas with large numbers of people, such as parks, squares, and major commercial streets, or private spaces such as shopping malls, sports centers, and event centers. However, in recent years there has been an expansion in the security market as a result of the gentrification of large residential areas in mediumsized cities and metropolitan regions in Brazil. A consequence of these developments in the real estate market has been, indirectly, a growth in the use of CCTV systems as crime-and violence-prevention tools by small, medium-sized, and large private security companies targeting all social classes. In this study, we highlight the following aspects of video surveillance in Brazil: regulation of the use and proliferation of CCTV; involvement of the scientific community through debate and academic training; and the technologies used in electronic surveillance as a response to a growing demand by the urban security and real estate markets.

After coining the term surveillance capitalism, Shoshana Zuboff captivated the imagination and intellect of activists and researchers from various disciplinary fields, brilliantly identifying the main working mechanism of a new phase of capitalism, which emerges based on the circulation, collection, data management, and extraction of knowledge from the behaviour of populations. Zuboff's The Age of Surveillance Capitalism is the in-depth complement to the concepts presented earlier in the seminal paper Big Other: Surveillance Capitalism and the Prospects of an Information Civilization. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism is a priceless work that will undoubtedly result in countless other studies that also have repercussions on non-specialist audiences. However, we have to keep in mind that Zuboff's book is written from a certain political, philosophical, and geographical position. It is not that other works that can also be called sociological or scientific are not also written from these perspectives. But in the aforementioned book, this positioning, which the author does not hide at any moment, seems to function as a narrative motor that structures the main debate. A reader who enjoys the same positioning as the author will identify with the same moments of shock, wonder, and urgency of the counter-action that follows the detailed description of the social process that leads to the emergence of surveillance capitalism, and also the identification of "this new form of capitalism on its own terms and in its own words" (p.62). Others will surely be able to note the same sensations the work transmits, although from another point of view in terms of the development of capitalism and human history. For them, the first step is perhaps to de-center the work; that is, to produce an understanding of the main concept-surveillance capitalism, especiallywithout necessarily committing to the same ideas about human nature and the history of capitalism as those that come from the author. But how do we understand the implications surveillance capitalism has for humanity in a more broad and global manner? Although writing about a worldwide phenomenon-nobody can deny the reach of the internet and surveillance, nowadays-with repercussions on populations around the globe, Zuboff is focused on how surveillance capitalism threatens "western liberal democracies" (p.21). The democratic balance of relations she describes, and that are now disturbed, are the social, economic, and democratic relations that are fundamentally characteristic of Anglo-Saxon America and Western Europe. In the introduction, she points out that surveillance capitalism, like mass production, is "an American invention... [That] became a global reality" (p.24). The development of this invention would have occurred in the US, but the "consequences of Book Review Review of Zuboff, Shoshana. 2019. The Age of

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Resumo:É cada vez mais difícil pensar em comunicação na atualidade desvinculada da possibilidade de monitoramento. Este trabalho aborda este tema e sua relação com novos sentidos que a noção de privacidade vem adquirindo. O contexto dessa discussão é o big data ou as crescentes possibilidades de agregar e extrair valor de um gigantesco volume de dados esparsos e não estruturados, que cresce em velocidade vertiginosa. A partir dos contratos de privacidade para utilização de serviços de e-mail, de armazenamento de dados e redes sociais, e das exigências de privacidade por parte de grupos ativistas, podemos observar a reconstrução deste conceito e o embate no qual se insere. Esta é uma pesquisa em andamento que busca dar continuidade a três estudos anteriores sobre 1) câmeras de vigilância no Brasil, 2) reconhecimento biométrico no novo documento de identidade brasileiro, e 3) um mapeamento de aspectos da vigilância de dados no Brasil e no México. Nessas ocasiões, observou-se um rol de transformações ligadas ao monitoramento, incluindo a desestabilização de conceitos como indivíduo; segurança;

RESUMOAs pesquisas acadêmicas e aquelas envolvendo a tomada de decisões clínicas apresentam-se de forma justaposta na prática dos pesquisadores da área da saúde, necessitando aperfeiçoamento e especialização de novas habilidades essenciais aos profissionais da informação. Partindo dessa premissa, resolvemos investigar, na literatura da área, publicações que tratassem ao mesmo tempo das temáticas: Medicina Baseada em Evidências e Information Literacy/Competência Informacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi não apenas conceituar Medicina Baseada em Evidências e Information Literacy/Competência em Informação por meio de revisão de literatura, como também assinalar a confluência dessas temáticas na prática dos pesquisadores da área da saúde. Como resultado desta análise, verificou-se que o profissional da informação necessita conhecer seus usuários, o modo como a informação se organiza e como ela se apresenta, para obter melhores resultados de busca, reduzir incertezas e, ao mesmo tempo, proporcionar aos pesquisadores da área da saúde maior suporte para tomada de decisão. Concluiu-se que uma demanda por informação exige, diretamente, que o profissional da informação aplique sua competência para atendê-la, recorrendo a sua capacitação e conhecimento dos meios para chegar à informação adequada, utilizando as ferramentas corretas, respondendo à demanda sem deixar dúvidas de confiabilidade. Esse profissional, como mediador, muito contribui para a prática da Medicina Baseada em Evidências e para a divulgação de serviços e acessos, educação e promoção da competência em informação dos pesquisadores.Palavras-chave: competência informacional; medicina baseada em evidências; profissional da informação.