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S u sta ina b le A rc tic M a rin e and C oastal T e c h n o lo g y (S A M C oT ), C entre fo r R esearch-Based In n o vatio n (CRI), Hillerborg et al. in Ref. [20] examined the available fracture mechanics theories (stress intensity factor, energy balance approach, and Dugdale and Barrenblatt approaches) to describe crack initiation and propagation in concrete (quasi-brittle mate rial) by means of the finite element approach. Then, they proposed the fictitious crack model (also called cohesive crack model or co hesive zone model), which became popular in various material failure-related simulations. It is a rather simple phenomenological model to generalize the fracture process zone behavior with dif ferent types of material bonding [21]. This model assumes a traction-separation relationship (cohesive law) to describe the linelike (2D) or surfacelike (3D) cohesive zone. There are three Cohesive Zone Method

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As offshore activities in the Arctic constitute a relatively new field with only a handful of relevant operations to draw experience from, and since full-scale trials are extremely expensive, there is an expressed need for much more extensive, detailed and cost-efficient analysis of concepts based on numerical simulations. However, until recently simulation tools of sufficient quality to perform such numerical analysis have not existed. The only verification available has been through a limited set of experiments in ice model basins. Today, this has changed, partly through the efforts at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) hosting SAMCoT (Centre for Research-based Innovation - Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology), laying the foundation of a versatile and highly accurate high-fidelity numerical simulator for offshore structures in various ice conditions such as level ice, broken ice and ice ridges. Arctic Integrated Solutions AS (ArcISo) is a spin-off company from NTNU established in 2016 with the vision of increasing the technology readiness level of SAMCoT’s numerical models to become a professional software package for the analysis of sea ice actions and action effects on Arctic offshore and coastal structures. This software package is called Simulator for Arctic Marine Structures (SAMS) and it was first released in 2017. This paper introduces the software implementation and the theoretical basis of SAMS, and it discusses the use of full-scale data to validate the simulator.