The effect of ice floe shape on the load experienced by vertical-sided structures interacting with a broken ice field

Berg, Marnix van den; Lubbad, Raed; Løset, Sveinung

doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2019.01.011

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, it can be observed that resistance increases significantly as the Froude number increases. Peak values at the end of the time series at low coverage may be due to local accumulations of chains of blocks (similar phenomena have been observed in other research works, such as [24][25][26]). To obtain the statistics, significant values of resistance raw data within the testing zone were trimmed according to ITTC procedures for ice level navigation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…They carried out experiments in pack ice enclosed in a channel whose width, as well as the ice concentration and thickness, was varied for different tests, and found that the width of the channel is a key factor for obtaining accurate results in ice model testing. Van der Berg et al [24] studied the influence of floe shape on the interaction of vertical-sided structures with broken ice. They concluded that the floe shape is important in clearance-dominated interactions and pointed out that the square floes typically used in the model tests experienced higher loads and resistance than those presented in real broken ice fields.…”

Section: Experimental Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data

Gutiérrez-Romero

Ruiz-Capel

Esteve-Pérez

et al. 2022

JMSE

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The real resistance that a ship must face when it is navigating in ice floes is the key factor for knowing the necessary power and the required engine size. The aim of this work is to provide valuable data to help other research in which numerical frameworks will be developed to study ship navigation in broken ice. In this work, we used paraffin wax as an alternative to obtain affordable solutions, avoiding the high cost of ice tests. The experiments were carried out in a traditional basin facility and they consisted of towing tank tests with a ship model using different concentrations of blocks simulated by the use of paraffin wax. Photogrammetry was used as technique to determine the initial position of the ice blocks, which is important as starting data in the current development of numerical simulation code for studying the features of ship resistance in drift ice. These data are available for some ice concentrations in attached files. In addition, a procedure for testing in traditional towing facilities is presented and discussed. The results of the resistance obtained in the experiments in the presence of simulated floes are presented for three concentrations and three model speeds. Some findings may be applicable to ice sailing, under given circumstances.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Experimental Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data

Gutiérrez-Romero

Ruiz-Capel

Esteve-Pérez

et al. 2022

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(ii) The ship speed is relatively fast (0.06 < Fr < 0.21), so the ice response is mainly bouncing away, rather than continuous contacts with the ship. In a slow speed condition (usually for ice-structure interactions, considering ice drift speed and a static structure, Fr < 0.02), the shape difference would be more influential [57].…”

Section: Appendix B: Comparing the Loads On A Ship Bow Between Square And Circular Icementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) This study limits C to be no more than 70%. With a higher C, a floe would be harder to be pushed away due to the obstacle of other floes; in such a situation, force chains between floes [58,59] are likely to form, which can make the floe shape important for ship resistance [57].…”

Section: Appendix B: Comparing the Loads On A Ship Bow Between Square And Circular Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

et al. 2020

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Whilst climate change is transforming the Arctic into a navigable ocean where small ice floes are floating on the sea surface, the effect of such ice conditions on ship performance has yet to be understood. The present work combines a set of numerical methods to simulate the ship-wave-ice interaction in such ice conditions. Particularly, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to provide fluid solutions for the floes and it is incorporated with the Discrete Element Method to govern ice motions and account for ship-ice/ice-ice collisions, by which, the proposed approach innovatively includes ship-generated waves in the interaction. In addition, this work introduces two algorithms that can implement computational models with natural ice-floe fields, which takes randomness into consideration thus achieving high-fidelity modelling of the problem. Following validation against experiments, the model is shown accurate in predicting the ice-floe resistance of a ship, and then a series of simulations are performed to investigate how the resistance is influenced by ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter. This paper presents a useful approach that can provide power estimates for Arctic shipping and has the potential to facilitate other polar engineering purposes.

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“…More locally, FSD influences interactions between ice floes and stress transmission in the ice (Herman, 2011;Herman, 2012;Herman, 2013); floe size thus has a strong influence on ice mobility in response to atmospheric and oceanic forcing (Boutin et al, 2020). Recent numerical and laboratory experiments indicate that stress in the ice and ice-induced loads on structures depend on both floe size and shape (e.g., van den Berg et al, 2019). A very complex and important group of sea ice-ocean interactions in which the FSD plays a crucial role are processes accompanying wave propagation in sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizes and Shapes of Sea Ice Floes Broken by Waves–A Case Study From the East Antarctic Coast

Herman

Wenta

Cheng³

2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The floe size distribution (FSD) is an important characteristics of sea ice, influencing several physical processes that take place in the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers under/over sea ice, as well as within sea ice itself. Through complex feedback loops involving those processes, FSD might modify the short-term and seasonal evolution of the sea ice cover, and therefore significant effort is undertaken by the scientific community to better understand FSD-related effects and to include them in sea ice models. An important part of that effort is analyzing the FSD properties and variability in different ice and forcing conditions, based on airborne and satellite imagery. In this work we analyze a very high resolution (pixel size: 0.3 m) satellite image of sea ice from a location off the East Antarctic coast (65.6°S, 101.9°E), acquired on February 16, 2019. Contrary to most previous studies, the ice floes in the image have angular, polygonal shapes and a narrow size distribution. We show that the observed FSD can be represented as a weighted sum of two probability distributions, a Gaussian and a tapered power law, with the Gaussian part clearly dominating in the size range of floes that contribute over 90% to the total sea ice surface area. Based on an analysis of the weather, wave and ice conditions in the period preceding the day in question, we discuss the most probable scenarios that led to the breakup of landfast ice into floes visible in the image. Finally, theoretical arguments backed up by a series of numerical simulations of wave propagation in sea ice performed with a scattering model based on the Matched Eigenfunction Expansion Method are used to show that the observed dominating floe size in the three different regions of the image (18, 13 and 51 m, respectively) agree with those expected as a result of wave-induced breaking of landfast ice.

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The effect of ice floe shape on the load experienced by vertical-sided structures interacting with a broken ice field

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data

Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

Sizes and Shapes of Sea Ice Floes Broken by Waves–A Case Study From the East Antarctic Coast

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