Quantitative and qualitative changes on SD-OCT are present in asymptomatic SCD eyes. Proliferative retinopathy is more prevalent in eyes with discrete areas of macular thinning.

To review the literature on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic imaging, natural history, management, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis of myopic foveoschisis. A systematic Pubmed search was conducted using search terms: myopia, myopic, staphyloma, foveoschisis, and myopic foveoschisis. The evidence base for each section was organised and reviewed. Where possible an authors' interpretation or conclusion is provided for each section. The term myopic foveoschisis was first coined in 1999. It is associated with posterior staphyloma in high myopia, and is often asymptomatic initially but progresses slowly, leading to loss of central vision from foveal detachment or macular hole formation. Optical coherence tomography is used to diagnose the splitting of the neural retina into a thicker inner layer and a thinner outer layer, but compound variants of the splits have been identified. Vitrectomy with an internal limiting membrane peel and gas tamponade is the preferred approach for eyes with vision decline. There has been a surge of new information on myopic foveoschisis. Advances in optical coherence tomography will continually improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of retinal splitting, and the mechanisms that lead to macular damage and visual loss. Currently, there is a good level of consensus that surgical intervention should be considered when there is progressive visual decline from myopic foveoschisis.

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. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the most common cause of severe visual loss in people with diabetes. Although panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains the gold standard of care to date, several combinations of new treatment modalities have emerged. These approaches can be used to increase the extent of treatment, expedite the effect of laser treatment and provide alternate measures when laser delivery is difficult or impossible, especially in patients with vitreous haemorrhage. Currently, most of the research in this field is focussed on inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), referred to herein as anti‐VEGF agents. Although limited by their short‐lived effects and a lack of established protocols, anti‐VEGF agents are widely available, especially for the treatment of aggressive PDR. This review analyses published studies using anti‐VEGF agents alone or as an adjunct to other therapies in the treatment of PDR.

Purpose To evaluate the morphological and functional changes following intravitreal Ozurdex (dexamethasone implant) injections in patients with macular oedema (MO) secondary to retinal vascular diseases. Design This is a single centre, exploratory phase III, prospective, open-label clinical study. Methods Thirty patients with MO secondary to retinal vascular disorders underwent assessments for best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, microperimetry, chromatic sensitivity, macular thickness, and morphology using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography at baseline. They were treated with intravitreal Ozurdex at baseline and monitored monthly with visual acuity and SD-OCT assessments up to 36 weeks. Re-treatment was permitted from 16 to 24 weeks according to pre-defined criteria. All visual function tests were repeated at 24 weeks. Results The mean change in central subfield thickness (CST) from baseline was significant at all visits up to 32 weeks. The lowest mean CST was recorded at 8 weeks and the highest mean ETDRS score was achieved at 12 weeks. All visual functions except contrast sensitivity improved significantly by 24 weeks. The study showed that the ideal re-treatment time point based on functional and structural outcomes and known side-effects of Ozurdex treatment is at 20 weeks. Conclusion Ozurdex therapy has a rapid and dramatic effect on the macula for about 8 weeks followed by a sustained modest effect up to week 32. The optimal re-treatment time point is at 20 weeks.

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Aims: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) for the determination of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) subtypes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and also the agreement between the two procedures. Design: This was a retrospective, observational study. Methods: We evaluated and compared the CNV subtypes on FFA and OCT in 100 eyes initiated on ranibizumab for neovascular AMD. Results: SDOCT showed high sensitivity (85.7-98.3%) and specificity (84.2-100%) compared to FFA in the diagnosis of the CNV subtype. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.9 to 0.93 (p value <0.0001) for the different CNV subtypes. Weighted kappa statistics showed a near-perfect agreement of 0.85 between the procedures. Conclusion: SDOCT is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of CNV subtypes in neovascular AMD obviating the need for an invasive procedure such as FFA.