Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Inner and Outer Retinal and Choroidal Thickness on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Bafiq, Rinoza; Mathew, Raeba; Pearce, Elizabeth; Abdel-Hey, Ahmed; Richardson, Matthew; Bailey, Tracey A.; Sivaprasad, Sobha

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.07.027

Cited by 72 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although the lack of a correlation between laterality and CT is consistent with previous findings, age and sex have been shown to be correlated with CT [17]. These CT inconsistencies in relation to age and sex may have been due to the small size of the study cohort or to the fact that eyes with elevated CT may not undergo the same age-related atrophy over time as those with normal anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Elevated Choroidal Thickness and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

et al. 2018

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Objective: To determine whether increased choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and whether patients with CCH are predisposed to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods: We performed a retrospective consecutive observational study of 15 fellow eyes of 15 patients who had CCH. A- and B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CCH. Fellow eye CT was measured using enhanced depth imaging OCT. FA, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT images of fellow eyes were reviewed for signs of CSCR. Results: Mean subfoveal CT was significantly greater in the fellow eyes of patients with CCH than in age-matched normal eyes (p = 0.004). Three of 15 (20.0%) fellow eyes of CCH patients had retinal pigment epithelium disruptions and/or pigment epithelial detachments indicative of previous asymptomatic CSCR. Conclusion: In this pilot study, elevated CT was associated with a risk of developing CCH as well as CSCR in patients of varying ages. Patients diagnosed with CCH should be screened for CSCR in the fellow eye. Further exploration of this association may reveal useful clues about the biology of abnormally elevated choroidal hyperpermeability and its various clinical manifestations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Elevated Choroidal Thickness and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

et al. 2018

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“…It was previously shown in adult subjects [10], and the same trend was noticed in Chinese children by Zhang et al [13]. However, unlike the present study, they failed to show a significant difference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Interestingly, the study by Zhang et al [13] showed an opposite trend with a significantly thicker central choroidal thickness in boys. This discrepancy could be due to the methodological differences between the studies, or it could reflect an ethnical anatomical variation, which has previously been noted [10]. Similarly, to the FAZ parameters, the presence of these gender differences in both study and control groups suggests a likely physiological difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Recently, in adults, differences have been shown between sexes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) surface area [7-9]. Similarly, no reference parameters exist for structural OCT in children, although the norms are likely to be different from adults due to the known differences in choroidal thickness with age [10-12]. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gender differences exist in the retinal microvasculature of children with and without vascular pathology using structural OCT and OCTA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Related Variations of Retinal and Choroidal Thickness and Foveal Avascular Zone in Healthy and Diabetic Children Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

et al. 2019

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Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of gender differences in the chorioretinal microvasculature of children with and without vascular pathology. Methods: Healthy and type 1 diabetic children without diabetic retinopathy underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and structural OCT. We measured the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep CP (DCP), central retina, and choroid thickness. Results: OCTA examination was conducted in 112 diabetic and 30 healthy children, and structural OCT in 121 diabetic children and 32 controls. DCP FAZ area in boys was significantly smaller than in girls both in diabetics (p = 0.0010) and healthy children (p = 0.0302). In diabetics, SCP FAZ area was significantly smaller in boys (p = 0.0006), analogically to controls (p = 0.0870). Central retinal thickness was significantly greater in boys compared with girls in diabetics (p = 0.0001) and controls (p = 0.1008). Conclusion: Significant differences exist in the FAZ area and retinal thickness between sexes, likely representing physiological differences. Different norms must be used for boys and girls regardless of diabetic status.

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“…[5] While some investigators use the scleral rim as the boundary, others have used the lamina fusca as the outer boundary leading to significant variations. [19] In this study, the outer choroidal boundary was used for measurements. Patients in our study were younger (mean age 33.16 ± 9.4 years) compared to the above-mentioned studies and it has been shown that CT decreases with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal thickness evaluation of healthy eyes, central serous chorioretinopathy, and fellow eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Indian population

Arora

Pyare

Sridharan

et al. 2016

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Aim:The purpose of this study is to establish a normative database of subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) in healthy young Indians using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). Evaluation and comparison of CT of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and fellow eyes were also performed.Materials and Methods:This was a prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study. It included 112 normal eyes of 112 healthy volunteers who had no evidence of ocular or systemic disease, 84 CSC eyes with acute, treatment-naïve CSC, and 69 fellow eyes with no evidence of neurosensory detachment or pigment epithelium detachment on SD OCT. Complete history, examination, and SD OCT were performed in all eyes.Results:The mean age of 81 patients (84 eyes) with CSC was 35.04 ± 8.86 years, 69 fellow eyes was 34.61 ± 8.71 years, and 112 healthy volunteers (112 eyes) was 33.16 ± 9.4 years (P < 0.05). The mean subfoveal CT of CSC eyes was 429 ± 74.18 μ, fellow eyes was 360 ± 57.99 μ, and normal eyes was 301.80 ± 46.59 μ (P < 0.001).Conclusion:CT varies not only with age, axial length, and refractive error but also with races. Therefore, it is important to establish a normative database in a particular population before carrying out further research in diseased states. CT in CSC eyes is significantly thicker than fellow eyes, and CT of fellow eyes is significantly thicker than normal eyes. This reinforces the fact that choroidal permeability is increased in both eyes of patients with CSC.

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Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Inner and Outer Retinal and Choroidal Thickness on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Elevated Choroidal Thickness and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

Elevated Choroidal Thickness and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

Sex-Related Variations of Retinal and Choroidal Thickness and Foveal Avascular Zone in Healthy and Diabetic Children Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Choroidal thickness evaluation of healthy eyes, central serous chorioretinopathy, and fellow eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Indian population

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