Furrow formation is one of the most labor-intensive operations in potato cultivation technology. The article discusses the justification and determination of furrower parameters of the potato planter. Analytical dependences of the height of the junction point of the disks and the width of the furrow bottom are obtained, taking into account the technological parameters, its design features and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Potatoes are planted in the usual way. The main row spacing in our country is 70 cm. However, in areas of high humidity and in irrigated areas, wide-row planting with a row spacing of 90 cm is used. In some areas of the European part, in arid areas, potatoes are planted with a row spacing of 60 cm. By the time of harvesting, the potato field has a ridged appearance, obtained as a result of hilling, where the height of the ridges is 11…20 cm. The angle of the row seed drills is that the vanishing point of the coulter rises above the bottom of the furrow by 6.3 cm. With an increase in the angle of entry of the coulter into the soil from 2° to 11°, the depth of the coulter travel increases. At angle values from 3° to 8°, the stroke depth approaches the optimum (12…18 cm).
Planting is one of the main and most labor-intensive operations in potato cultivation technology. There is a problem of creating optimal density and uniformity of tuber placement during planting. To solve it, a toothed working unit of a disk-type potato planter has been developed. The article discusses the features of the process of interaction of the blades of the teeth of the disk working unit with the cultivated soil. If we take into account the fact that the parameters of the intensity of the impact on the soil by the gear working unit will depend on the speed of movement, it will be possible to determine the speed values of an arbitrary point of the teeth blade. As a result of mathematical transformations and the application of the method of differentiation of the equation of their displacement, a formula was obtained for calculating the cutting speed for an arbitrary point of the blade of the teeth of the disk working unit. The acceleration of the points under consideration is also determined and the dependences obtained as a result of theoretical studies are analyzed. The parameters of the impact speed and the trajectory of the blade movement directly depend on the shape of the cutting edge. They are also influenced by the angle of attack, the amount of inclination with respect to the vertical, and the speed indicators of the planter. With an increase in the speed of the unit from 1 to 5 m/s and an increase in the angle of attack from 0 to 30, the cutting speed changes from 0.1 to 1.5 m/s. When exposed to a disk working unit with teeth around the perimeter, the topsoil is thrown to the side and the lower layer is carried out to the open field surface, which is most noticeable when the planter moves at a speed of more than 2 m/s. At a travel speed of 3 m/s, soil ejection is reduced, compared to the SN-4B prototype, by up to 30%
The article considers a dispenser-distributor with soil-transporting elements, substantiates and determines its technological and design parameters. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the diameter of the disk of the soil dispenser-distributor, the height of the soil-transporting element and the volume of soil required to cover potato tubers. The results of work in the field of theory and calculation of potato planters are systematized and generalized, analytical dependences are obtained to determine the main design and technological parameters of the soil dispenser-distributor of the potato planter. Based on literary sources, to obtain digital values, we chose the row spacing (70 cm), the distance between tubers (25 cm), the weight of the tuber is average (55 ... 60 g), the width at the bottom of the furrow, equal to the width of the nest, is the smallest (0 06…0.07 m), tuber planting depth (0.19 m), potato fraction – seed (50…80 g), operating speed – within (2.9…9 km/h). According to the calculations, the following results were obtained: the diameter of each disc (D=35…40 cm), the height of the soil-transporting element (hpe = 0.025 m) and the volume of soil (Ω= 0.004 m3) required to cover potato tubers.
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