Method of Calculation and Design of Soil Dispenser

The research was carried out with the aim of optimizing the parameters of the trailed sprayer to reduce the total energy costs during its operation, taking into account possible crop losses. Computational experiments were carried out using a system energy mathematical model of sprayers based on the tractor MTZ-80, 82. The system under consideration includes subsystems - tractor, operator, sprayer, field, soil and crop (TOOPPU). As a criterion for optimizing the parameters of the sprayer, the total energy costs are taken, including, in addition to direct and indirect energy costs, the energy of the crop lost when the parameters of the sprayer are chosen incorrectly. For the accepted operating conditions of the sprayer (field area Fpolya = 60 ha; head length lgona = 0.8 km; travel distance lper = 3 km; strength factor of the field bearing surface Q1=0.9; volume of work Q=1000 ha; crop - spring wheat; number of weeds - 50 pieces/m2; number of tractors employed in the operation Ntrakt = 1 piece; working day Tdnev = 14 hours; planned yield YP = 40 c/ha; application rate of pesticides H3 = 150 l/ha; pump pressure Pnasosa = 3 MPa, air pressure in tires Pw = 0.16 MPa, number of wheels on one side of the axle Zk = 1 piece, coefficient of adhesion of wheels to soil Kscep = 0.6, coefficient of resistance to wheel rolling fperek = 0.1; soil density pz=1300 kg/m3; soil hardness H=1800000 Pa) revealed the presence of a combination of values of six parameters, when the total energy costs reach a minimum. the volume of the tank for pesticides is 5000 l, the width of the sprayer wheel profile is 0.2 m, the coefficient of distribution of the weight of the sprayer on its support wheels is 0.83. When turning the unit within the field, the total energy costs amounted to 4852.9 MJ/ha. With the same values of the optimal parameters of the sprayer, turning the unit outside the field led to a threefold reduction in total energy costs to 1365.4 MJ/ha. Widely used partial performance indicators of sprayers - productivity, fuel consumption per unit of treated area do not allow to identify ways to reduce crop losses.

unclassified

Increasing the Efficiency of the Use of the Pull-Type Sprayer by Reducing Harvest Loss

Nurmiev,

Khafizov,

Khafizov

et al. 2023

Working Unit of the Flat Cutter-Subsoiler of Fertilizer

Maksimov

Vasiliev²,

Vasil'ev

et al. 2023

The factor of preserving the fertile soil layer is most relevant on sloping lands, since streams formed by melt water and precipitation wash out nutrients and humus, and also destroy the soil surface. To prevent these processes, anti-erosion working units are used. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of soil tillage by the working unit of a flat-cutter-subsoiler of a fertilizer with the simultaneous application of granular fertilizers on its filtration properties. The work was carried out at the control site located in the Chuvash Republic. The soil is loamy. The depth of tillage and application of granular fertilizers was 30 cm. As granular fertilizers, they used - granulated manure, presented on the market and used by agricultural enterprises in crop production. The filtration coefficient, porosity, and bulk density of the soil were determined. Since the subsurface cutter tills the soil without turning the layer, samples were taken in different layers of the cut layer according to GOST R 58595–2019. The filtration coefficient, which determines the ability of the soil to absorb and pass moisture, averaged 96.2 cm per day, which can be considered a good result (for loams 20 ... 100 cm per day). The porosity was 54.3% (satisfactory condition - 50 ... 55%, excellent - 55 ... 65%), the bulk density of the soil - an average of 1.05 g/cm3 (loose or freshly plowed - 1.0 ... 1.2 g / cm3). In general, after soil cultivation by the working unit of the fertilizer subsoiler with the simultaneous application of granular fertilizers, the filtration properties of the soil correspond to generally accepted reference values.

Processing the Results of Experimental Studies of the Use of Technologies of Integrated Microplasma Hardening of Working Units and Parts of Agricultural Machines

Adigamov,

Gimaltdinov,

Galiev

et al. 2023

Today, the problem of maintaining the efficiency of complex modern domestic and foreign agricultural machines is quite acute. The working units of agricultural tillage machines operate in an aggressive abrasive environment, which leads to their intensive wear and, as a result, to the loss of geometric shape. This, in turn, leads to a violation of agrotechnical requirements, which significantly affects the yield of cultivated crops. Serial working units of soil-cultivating machines are made of alloy steels of the ST65G type with a working hardness of HRC 55 ... 60. The purpose of the research is to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage agricultural machines by using the technology of complex microplasma hardening, with the development of a methodology for determining rational modes of processing working surfaces. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex hardening of laboratory samples, studies of the elemental composition of the hardened layer were carried out. Plates made of ST65G steel were used as laboratory samples. Hardening was carried out using various combinations of cermet powders and microplasma hardening modes. Determination of wear resistance was carried out on a friction machine 77 MT-1. The best results were noted after vibro-arc hardening followed by electrospark alloying and the use of a cermet powder consisting of 80% PG-10N-01 matrix powder and 20% B4C boron carbide. Based on the indicators of hardening regimes, Lagrange interpolation polynomials were constructed, which describe the dependence of the amount of sample wear on the current and voltage, an algorithm was developed for determining rational hardening regimes to achieve maximum wear resistance of the studied samples. The microhardness of the surface of products during electrospark hardening increased up to 2 times, and with vibroarc in combination with electrospark alloying and the use of special pastes with cermet powders - more than 3 times. The depth of the hardened surface layer with complex hardening is about 0.3 mm.