Furrow formation is one of the most labor-intensive operations in potato cultivation technology. The article discusses the justification and determination of furrower parameters of the potato planter. Analytical dependences of the height of the junction point of the disks and the width of the furrow bottom are obtained, taking into account the technological parameters, its design features and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Potatoes are planted in the usual way. The main row spacing in our country is 70 cm. However, in areas of high humidity and in irrigated areas, wide-row planting with a row spacing of 90 cm is used. In some areas of the European part, in arid areas, potatoes are planted with a row spacing of 60 cm. By the time of harvesting, the potato field has a ridged appearance, obtained as a result of hilling, where the height of the ridges is 11…20 cm. The angle of the row seed drills is that the vanishing point of the coulter rises above the bottom of the furrow by 6.3 cm. With an increase in the angle of entry of the coulter into the soil from 2° to 11°, the depth of the coulter travel increases. At angle values from 3° to 8°, the stroke depth approaches the optimum (12…18 cm).
This article explores the possibility and effectiveness of using chicken manure as an organic fertilizer “Soil Improver (UP-1)”, obtained by using the drug “Mephosphon” for growing crops and producing organic products. Under laboratory conditions, experiments on the fermentation of manure were carried out, measurements of the ammonium ion were carried out, and the levels of toxicity of extracts from chicken manure were studied using test objects Ceriodaphnia affinis and Paramecium caudatum, followed by determining the hazard class of chicken manure. Field tests were carried out on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soils of the Pestrechinsky district near the village. Khodyashevo. The total sowing area was 72 ha (1 ha - background, 19 ha - control, 52 ha - experimental field). The background field was without chicken manure, the control field was composted chicken manure, and the experimental field was with UP-1 fertilizer. 130 tons of chicken manure were applied per 1 ha. Organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” was obtained from poultry wastes of OJSC “Agrofirm “Ak Bars – Pestretsy” branch of poultry farm of Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Biometric analysis of the growth and development of winter wheat was carried out from April 29 to June 1, 2021. The stem height of plants in the experimental variant is 14% higher than in the background, and 6.8 - 8.9% higher than in the control variant. According to the average weight of the raw and dry stem, the experimental group has the advantage, while surpassing the control in all periods of the growing season by 0.1-2.9 pieces. and 0.1-1.4 pcs. The obtained experimental data show that the use of organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” as a fertilizer in the cultivation of winter wheat provides a higher yield compared to the background by 56.6%, and compared to the control by 55.5% . At the same time, 146.64 tons of organic winter wheat were obtained
The purpose of the study is to determine an effective technological method for the complete anaerobic processing of agricultural waste. It also aims to create and implement an effective technological method of sufficiently complete anaerobic processing of agricultural waste, including taking into account biologically active additives. A new technology for the disposal of organic agricultural waste and the influence of Mephosphone on the process of methane formation using a biogas unit at a processing facility developed at Kazan State Agrarian University is considered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented, which made it possible to significantly reduce the utilization time, and reduce the cost of electricity and fuel. The experiments were carried out in a low-capacity biogas unit (LCBU) without air access in a heat-insulated reactor filled by 2/3. The results of numerical studies of the products of conversion of cattle manure are presented. Manure was kept in the reactor for 7 days. The use of Mephosphone in ultra-low concentrations (10-4) made it possible to obtain a useful product in the form of high-quality organic biofertilizer and biogas. The results of microbiological analysis of experiments in the test center of the Tatar Interregional Veterinary Laboratory are shown.
This article discusses a new method for the reclamation of organic waste into biogas with the addition of the biologically active additive Mephosphon to the substrate to accelerate the process of obtaining biogas (decomposition) and preserving nutrient elements in the final product. The study object was cow manure from a private farm household. The experiments were carried out for 10 days in a lowvolume biogas unit (LVBU) without airtight in a heat-insulated reactor filled with 2/3 cow manure. The use of the Mephosphon drug in ultra-low concentrations (10-4) allowed us to obtain a useful product in the form of high-quality organic fertilizer and biogas.
Abstract. The first scientific developments in the field of biogas technologies were made in Russia more than 70 years ago. Since the 50 th years one of the main directions was the anaerobic processing of activated sludge and sediments of urban wastewater. This method attracted attention in connection with the idea of obtaining biogas mainly from the manure of farm animals. Thanks to this in the middle of 50 th years a number of pilot plants for biogas production were built in Zaporozhia, Belorussian, Georgian, Moldavian branches of All-Russian Institute of Agriculture Electrification, and also in Ekaterinburg. However, the operating experience of these installations was insignificant -one -two seasons. The problem of obtaining and using biogas is given great attention abroad. In a short time, in many countries around the world a whole industry for the production of biogas has emerged. The leader in the development of biogas industry is China. Since the middle of 1970, the National Program for the production of biogas from livestock wastes has been operating in this country. Currently, there are 10 million farm bioreactors. In addition, 40 000 biogas stations, 24 000 biogas treatment plants operate in China, which provides operation of 190 power plants.
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