The article presents the possibilities of obtaining useful products from poultry and oil industry wastes using Mephosphon biologically active agent. The use of an aqueous solution of the Mephosphone preparation in ultra-low concentrations (10−6–10−8%) allowed obtaining the Compost UP-1 product from chicken manure and the Meliorant product from drilling waste. The Compost UP-1 belongs to the 4th hazard class in terms of physico-chemical and sanitary-biological characteristics, and the Meliorant product in terms of pollutant content belongs to the 5th hazard class. Studies on the influence of useful products derived from waste were carried out in the field in the experimental fields of the Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The Compost UP-1 and Meliorant products were introduced during pre-sowing cultivation in an amount of 26 t/ha and 1.3 t/ha, respectively. For comparison, during the research, reference plots were organized (Reference). The seeds were spring wheat of the Yoldyz variety (Compost UP-1) and Idelle (Meliorant). The analysis of growth and productivity indicators of plants grown in different areas showed that the use of the obtained products improved soil fertility: the introduction of the Meliorant product optimizes soil pH, activates mass transfer processes, and the introduction of the Compost UP-1 product increases the content of nutrients (N, P, K). So at the tillering stage in the section with Compost UP-1, the average phytomass per unit length of plants was 1.8 times higher than in the Reference. The use of Compost UP-1 leads to a significant improvement in grain quality: the mass fraction of protein increased by 32 %, vitreous content by 60 %, and the content of crude gluten by 34 %. Productivity increased and amounted to 42 kg/ha, which is 14 kg more than in the Reference. The use of the Meliorant also activated the growth of plants, and led to an improvement in the quality of grain.
This article discusses a new method for the reclamation of organic waste into biogas with the addition of the biologically active additive Mephosphon to the substrate to accelerate the process of obtaining biogas (decomposition) and preserving nutrient elements in the final product. The study object was cow manure from a private farm household. The experiments were carried out for 10 days in a lowvolume biogas unit (LVBU) without airtight in a heat-insulated reactor filled with 2/3 cow manure. The use of the Mephosphon drug in ultra-low concentrations (10-4) allowed us to obtain a useful product in the form of high-quality organic fertilizer and biogas.
The article considers utilization of organic waste from poultry farming being an urgent problem of agriculture. Leaders of large poultry farms are interested in using low-cost recycling schemes aimed to process waste into safe products in a short time. This paper considers the possibility of using an organic fertilizer “Soil Improver (UP-1)” obtained by processing poultry waste by using a biologically active additive Mefosfon, which is a melamine salt of bis (oxymethyl) phosphinic acid. Field tests were carried out in 2019-2020 on the lands of OAO “Agrofirma “Ak Bars-Pestretsy” being the branch of the Poultry farm of the Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study was the recognized variety of soft winter wheat “Scepter” ES (elite variety). The rate of application of chicken compost and organic product UP-1 in the control and experimental plots was 56 tons per 1 ha. The experimental data show that wheat cultivated with the application of UP-1 compost was distinguished by higher rates of field germination (increased by 13 %); the length of secondary roots was 11.2 % greater compared to control. The grain produced in this variant had higher hardness (control – 62 %, UP-1 – 72 %) and the quality of crud gluten (74.0, 78.0 %, respectively), the yield of winter wheat grain – by 0.06–0.12 t/ha (1.2–2.5 %), which indicates the feasibility of using fertilizer from poultry manure in crops cultivation.
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