Actuality of Application of Biogas Installations in Russia and Abroad

The article considers utilization of organic waste from poultry farming being an urgent problem of agriculture. Leaders of large poultry farms are interested in using low-cost recycling schemes aimed to process waste into safe products in a short time. This paper considers the possibility of using an organic fertilizer “Soil Improver (UP-1)” obtained by processing poultry waste by using a biologically active additive Mefosfon, which is a melamine salt of bis (oxymethyl) phosphinic acid. Field tests were carried out in 2019-2020 on the lands of OAO “Agrofirma “Ak Bars-Pestretsy” being the branch of the Poultry farm of the Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study was the recognized variety of soft winter wheat “Scepter” ES (elite variety). The rate of application of chicken compost and organic product UP-1 in the control and experimental plots was 56 tons per 1 ha. The experimental data show that wheat cultivated with the application of UP-1 compost was distinguished by higher rates of field germination (increased by 13 %); the length of secondary roots was 11.2 % greater compared to control. The grain produced in this variant had higher hardness (control – 62 %, UP-1 – 72 %) and the quality of crud gluten (74.0, 78.0 %, respectively), the yield of winter wheat grain – by 0.06–0.12 t/ha (1.2–2.5 %), which indicates the feasibility of using fertilizer from poultry manure in crops cultivation.

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Results of Practical Use of Fertilizers from Chicken Manure in Winter Wheat Cultivation

Sibagatullin

Khaliullina

Minnikhanov

et al. 2021

BIO Web Conf.

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Intensification of the Process of Extracting Fat From Fat-Containing Raw Materials by Dielectric Heating

Prosviryakova

Tikhonov²,

Зиганшин

et al. 2022

Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University

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The article substantiates the effective modes of heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in a radiohermatic ultrahigh-frequency installation with a metal-dielectric resonator. The raw material for the study was the internal fat of cattle, sheep, chickens, their dielectric characteristics were systematized according to I.A. Rogov. The purpose of this work is to develop a continuous-flow microwave installation with air-cooled magnetrons and a resonator in the form of a truncated cone with an exponential generator, which contributes to increasing thermal efficiency and maintaining high electric field strength and radio tightness without a shielding housing when heating disinfected fat from fat-containing raw materials. The electrophysical parameters of the fat-containing raw material are analyzed, including the change in dielectric parameters from the frequency of the electromagnetic field (EMF), fat content, density. The intensity of the electric field is matched with the heating rate, the specific power of the generator. A continuous-flow microwave installation with a resonator in the form of a truncated cone with an exponential generator made of non-ferromagnetic material and a ceramic concave mirror base, inside of which a dielectric screw with a decreasing pitch and a diameter of a screw is located, has been developed. A concave ceramic mirror is installed coaxially on the large base of the resonator. A dielectric screw is inscribed along the resonator. Two sluice gates with non-magnetic bent blades are installed on the resonator. The melted fat flows down through the perforation on the surface of the resonator. Magnetrons with waveguides are installed with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter of the resonator base. The general properties of a resonator with dielectric inclusions (ceramic mirror, fluoro-formation auger) are analyzed. In such a metal-dielectric resonator, the reflection of the field from the non-magnetic walls of the resonator and critical sections can be combined with full internal reflection in the dielectric. The exponential generator of the resonator and the ceramic mirror contribute to an increase in the concentration of the electric field strength in it to 2 kV/cm when placing three magnetrons with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter of the large base. With a specific power of the generator of 2 W/g, the productivity of the microwave installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials is 18-20 kg/h.; With a frequency of rotation of the electric screw drive of 1 rpm, 0.5-0.6 kg of raw materials is heated in 120 seconds. The specific energy costs compared to the prototype (0.2-0.25 kWh/kg) is reduced to 0.14-0.15 kWh/kg.

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Technology for Obtaining Biogas From Agricultural Plant Waste With High Bioavailability Activated by the Method of Steam Explosive Treatment

Просвирников

Зиганшин

Gizatullina³

et al. 2023

Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University

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The research was carried out in order to obtain new data on effective methanogenesis during fermentation of lignocellulose raw materials activated by steam blasting. Vegetable agricultural waste - wheat straw and spelt husk are used as raw materials. Activation of pre-crushed and moistened (in the medium "acetic acid-water" in a ratio of 1:19) to 130...140% of the raw materials were carried out on a steam-explosive hydrolysis unit at a temperature of 160, 190 and 220 ° C for 5 minutes. After analyzing the component composition of the initial and activated raw materials according to standard methods, the samples were subjected to microbiological treatment in the presence of the enzyme preparation SUKAZYM ZH-1002 (Shandong, China) in powder form. Conditions for methane fermentation: the concentration of the substrate is 166 g / l, the hydromodule is 1:6, the consumption of the enzyme preparation is 0.05 g / g of the substrate, pH 6.5 ...7.5, temperature 32...35°C, without stirring and without oxygen access, duration - 46 days. The amount of gas produced was determined by the volume method daily, as well as by the accrual method. The content of CO2, CH4, N2 and H2 was determined on a GAMMA-100 gas analyzer; the calorific value was determined on a differential scanning calorimeter DSC 823e. Steam-explosive activation of agricultural plant waste increases the bioavailability of raw materials, which allows generating 1.4...1.8 times more biogas on the activated substrate compared to samples without treatment. The optimal temperature for steam blasting of wheat straw and husk of spelt can be considered 190 and 160 ° C, the duration of methane fermentation is 44 and 40 days. accordingly. With these parameters, the maximum biogas yield of 137.3 and 141.7 ml per 1 g of substrate is achieved with a methane content of 56 and 54 vol. %. The calorific value of biogas is 6692 and 6214 kcal/m3, respectively.

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Actuality of Application of Biogas Installations in Russia and Abroad

Cited by 3 publications

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Results of Practical Use of Fertilizers from Chicken Manure in Winter Wheat Cultivation

Results of Practical Use of Fertilizers from Chicken Manure in Winter Wheat Cultivation

Intensification of the Process of Extracting Fat From Fat-Containing Raw Materials by Dielectric Heating

Technology for Obtaining Biogas From Agricultural Plant Waste With High Bioavailability Activated by the Method of Steam Explosive Treatment

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